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Published online 18 May 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 9 2760-2767
© 2004 Oxford University Press

DNA repair in higher plants; photoreactivation is the major DNA repair pathway in non-proliferating cells while excision repair (nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair) is active in proliferating cells

Seisuke Kimura, Yasue Tahira, Toyotaka Ishibashi, Yoko Mori, Toshio Mori1, Junji Hashimoto2 and Kengo Sakaguchi*

Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan, 1 Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan and 2 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 4 7124 1501, ext. 3409; Fax: +81 4 7123 9767; Email: kengo{at}rs.noda.tus.ac.jp
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors

Received February 25, 2004; Revised April 2, 2004; Accepted April 15, 2004

We investigated expression patterns of DNA repair genes such as the CPD photolyase, UV-DDB1, CSB, PCNA, RPA32 and FEN-1 genes by northern hybridization analysis and in situ hybridization using a higher plant, rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). We found that all the genes tested were expressed in tissues rich in proliferating cells, but only CPD photolyase was expressed in non-proliferating tissue such as the mature leaves and elongation zone of root. The removal of DNA damage, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6–4) photoproducts, in both mature leaves and the root apical meristem (RAM) was observed after UV irradiation under light. In the dark, DNA damage in mature leaves was not repaired efficiently, but that in the RAM was removed rapidly. Using a rice 22K custom oligo DNA microarray, we compared global gene expression patterns in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and mature leaves. Most of the excision repair genes were more strongly expressed in SAM. These results suggested that photoreactivation is the major DNA repair pathway for the major UV-induced damage in non-proliferating cells, while both photoreactivation and excision repair are active in proliferating cells.


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