BLAST: at the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 301 435 5945; Email: mcginnis{at}ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Received February 20, 2004; Revised April 2, 2004; Accepted April 14, 2004
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is one of the most heavily used sequence analysis tools available in the public domain. There is now a wide choice of BLAST algorithms that can be used to search many different sequence databases via the BLAST web pages (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). All the algorithmdatabase combinations can be executed with default parameters or with customized settings, and the results can be viewed in a variety of ways. A new online resource, the BLAST Program Selection Guide, has been created to assist in the definition of search strategies. This article discusses optimal search strategies and highlights some BLAST features that can make your searches more powerful.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated.
![]()
CiteULike
Connotea
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
J. Forner, A. Holzle, C. Jonietz, S. Thuss, M. Schwarzlander, B. Weber, R. C. Meyer, and S. Binder Mitochondrial mRNA Polymorphisms in Different Arabidopsis Accessions Plant Physiology, October 1, 2008; 148(2): 1106 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Chen, F. Zhou, G. Li, and Y. Xu A Recently Active Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Element, Chunjie, Inserted Into an Operon Without Disturbing the Operon Structure in Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 Genetics, August 1, 2008; 179(4): 2291 - 2297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Johnson, I. Zaretskaya, Y. Raytselis, Y. Merezhuk, S. McGinnis, and T. L. Madden NCBI BLAST: a better web interface Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2008; 36(suppl_2): W5 - W9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. C. Sutcliffe, G. W. Black, and D. J. Harrington Bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the Group B carbohydrate in Streptococcus agalactiae Microbiology, May 1, 2008; 154(5): 1354 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Duret, J. Cohen, C. Jubin, P. Dessen, J.-F. Gout, S. Mousset, J.-M. Aury, O. Jaillon, B. Noel, O. Arnaiz, et al. Analysis of sequence variability in the macronuclear DNA of Paramecium tetraurelia: A somatic view of the germline Genome Res., April 1, 2008; 18(4): 585 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. R. Andersen, W. Vongsangnak, G. Panagiotou, M. P. Salazar, L. Lehmann, and J. Nielsen A trispecies Aspergillus microarray: Comparative transcriptomics of three Aspergillus species PNAS, March 18, 2008; 105(11): 4387 - 4392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Huck, M. Sonnen, and K. J. Boor Tracking Heat-Resistant, Cold-Thriving Fluid Milk Spoilage Bacteria from Farm to Packaged Product J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2008; 91(3): 1218 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. J. Cuthbertson, Y. Liao, L. Birnbaumer, and P. J. Blackshear Characterization of zfs1 as an mRNA-binding and -destabilizing Protein in Schizosaccharomyces pombe J. Biol. Chem., February 1, 2008; 283(5): 2586 - 2594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M.C. Robb, E. Ross, and A. S. Alvarado SmedGD: the Schmidtea mediterranea genome database Nucleic Acids Res., January 11, 2008; 36(suppl_1): D599 - D606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Wanchana, S. Thongjuea, V. J. Ulat, M. Anacleto, R. Mauleon, M. Conte, M. Rouard, M. Ruiz, N. Krishnamurthy, K. Sjolander, et al. The Generation Challenge Programme comparative plant stress-responsive gene catalogue Nucleic Acids Res., January 11, 2008; 36(suppl_1): D943 - D946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Park, B. Park, K. Jung, S. Jang, K. Yu, J. Choi, S. Kong, J. Park, S. Kim, H. Kim, et al. CFGP: a web-based, comparative fungal genomics platform Nucleic Acids Res., January 11, 2008; 36(suppl_1): D562 - D571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. K. Fry, J. Duncan, M. T. Edwards, R. E. Tilley, D. Chitnavis, R. Harman, H. Hammerton, and L. Dainton A UK clinical isolate of Bordetella hinzii from a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome J. Med. Microbiol., December 1, 2007; 56(12): 1700 - 1703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Bosch, M. Caceres, M. F. Cardone, A. Carreras, E. Ballana, M. Rocchi, L. Armengol, and X. Estivill Characterization and evolution of the novel gene family FAM90A in primates originated by multiple duplication and rearrangement events Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2007; 16(21): 2572 - 2582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H.-Y. Lin, P. J. Bledsoe, and V. Stewart Activation of yeaR-yoaG Operon Transcription by the Nitrate-Responsive Regulator NarL Is Independent of Oxygen- Responsive Regulator Fnr in Escherichia coli K-12 J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2007; 189(21): 7539 - 7548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Huck, B. H. Hammond, S. C. Murphy, N. H. Woodcock, and K. J. Boor Tracking Spore-Forming Bacterial Contaminants in Fluid Milk-Processing Systems J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2007; 90(10): 4872 - 4883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Guimaraes, N. F. Azevedo, C. Figueiredo, C. W. Keevil, and M. J. Vieira Development and Application of a Novel Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe for the Specific Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy Specimens J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2007; 45(9): 3089 - 3094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Deng, D. C. Nickle, G. H. Learn, B. Maust, and J. I. Mullins ViroBLAST: a stand-alone BLAST web server for flexible queries of multiple databases and user's datasets Bioinformatics, September 1, 2007; 23(17): 2334 - 2336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Kolkman, S. T. Berry, A. J. Leon, M. B. Slabaugh, S. Tang, W. Gao, D. K. Shintani, J. M. Burke, and S. J. Knapp Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Linkage Disequilibrium in Sunflower Genetics, September 1, 2007; 177(1): 457 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Siddiqui, D. A. Mangus, T.-C. Chang, J.-M. Palermino, A.-B. Shyu, and K. Gehring Poly(A) Nuclease Interacts with the C-terminal Domain of Polyadenylate-binding Protein Domain from Poly(A)-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2007; 282(34): 25067 - 25075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. A. Kibbe OligoCalc: an online oligonucleotide properties calculator Nucleic Acids Res., July 13, 2007; 35(suppl_2): W43 - W46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Forner, B. Weber, S. Thuss, S. Wildum, and S. Binder Mapping of mitochondrial mRNA termini in Arabidopsis thaliana: t-elements contribute to 5' and 3' end formation Nucleic Acids Res., June 28, 2007; 35(11): 3676 - 3692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. L. S. Ng and S. K. Mishra De novo SVM classification of precursor microRNAs from genomic pseudo hairpins using global and intrinsic folding measures Bioinformatics, June 1, 2007; 23(11): 1321 - 1330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Gojobori, H. Tang, J. M. Akey, and C.-I Wu Adaptive evolution in humans revealed by the negative correlation between the polymorphism and fixation phases of evolution PNAS, March 6, 2007; 104(10): 3907 - 3912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M.-H. Li, L. Lin, X.-L. Wang, and T. Liu Protein protein interaction site prediction based on conditional random fields Bioinformatics, March 1, 2007; 23(5): 597 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Cruz-Garcia, A. E. Murray, J. A. Klappenbach, V. Stewart, and J. M. Tiedje Respiratory Nitrate Ammonification by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2007; 189(2): 656 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Choi, R. Munch, S. Leupold, J. Klein, I. Siegel, B. Thielen, B. Benkert, M. Kucklick, M. Schobert, J. Barthelmes, et al. SYSTOMONAS -- an integrated database for systems biology analysis of Pseudomonas Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D533 - D537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Chaparro, R. Guyot, A. Zuccolo, B. Piegu, and O. Panaud RetrOryza: a database of the rice LTR-retrotransposons Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D66 - D70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Lee, T. Kim, S.-K. Kim, K. H. Lee, and D. Lee Patome: a database server for biological sequence annotation and analysis in issued patents and published patent applications Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D47 - D50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Cole, B. Chai, R. J. Farris, Q. Wang, A. S. Kulam-Syed-Mohideen, D. M. McGarrell, A. M. Bandela, E. Cardenas, G. M. Garrity, and J. M. Tiedje The ribosomal database project (RDP-II): introducing myRDP space and quality controlled public data Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D169 - D172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Marco, R. S. Bongers, W. M. de Vos, and M. Kleerebezem Spatial and Temporal Expression of Lactobacillus plantarum Genes in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Mice Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2007; 73(1): 124 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Liu, M. M. Gutacker, J. M. Musser, and Y.-X. Fu Evidence for Recombination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2006; 188(23): 8169 - 8177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. I. Colon-Cesario, M. M. Martinez-Montemayor, S. Morales, J. Felix, J. Cruz, M. Adorno, L. Pereira, N. Colon, C. S. Maldonado-Vlaar, and S. Pena de Ortiz Knockdown of Nurr1 in the rat hippocampus: Implications to spatial discrimination learning and memory Learn. Mem., November 1, 2006; 13(6): 734 - 744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Yang, D. A. Rodionov, X. Li, O. N. Laikova, M. S. Gelfand, O. P. Zagnitko, M. F. Romine, A. Y. Obraztsova, K. H. Nealson, and A. L. Osterman Comparative Genomics and Experimental Characterization of N-Acetylglucosamine Utilization Pathway of Shewanella oneidensis J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29872 - 29885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Lopez, S. Granjeaud, T. Ara, B. Ghattas, and D. Gautheret The disparate nature of "intergenic" polyadenylation sites RNA, October 1, 2006; 12(10): 1794 - 1801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Kang and M. J. Blaser UvrD Helicase Suppresses Recombination and DNA Damage-Induced Deletions. J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2006; 188(15): 5450 - 5459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Ye, S. McGinnis, and T. L. Madden BLAST: improvements for better sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2006; 34(Web Server issue): W6 - W9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H.-Y. Yuan, J.-J. Chiou, W.-H. Tseng, C.-H. Liu, C.-K. Liu, Y.-J. Lin, H.-H. Wang, A. Yao, Y.-T. Chen, and C.-N. Hsu FASTSNP: an always up-to-date and extendable service for SNP function analysis and prioritization. Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2006; 34(Web Server issue): W635 - W641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. D. Brown, M. R. Thompson, N. C. VerBerkmoes, K. Chourey, M. Shah, J. Zhou, R. L. Hettich, and D. K. Thompson Molecular Dynamics of the Shewanella oneidensis Response to Chromate Stress Mol. Cell. Proteomics, June 1, 2006; 5(6): 1054 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Sasson, N. Kaplan, and M. Linial Functional annotation prediction: All for one and one for all Protein Sci., June 1, 2006; 15(6): 1557 - 1562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Phelps, V. Gburcik, E. Suslova, P. Dudek, F. Forafonov, N. Bot, M. MacLean, R. J. Fagan, and D. Picard Fungi and animals may share a common ancestor to nuclear receptors PNAS, May 2, 2006; 103(18): 7077 - 7081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. J. Law, E. M. Labut, R. D. Adams, and J. L. Merchant An isoform of ZBP-89 predisposes the colon to colitis Nucleic Acids Res., March 3, 2006; 34(5): 1342 - 1350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Herzberg, I. K. Kaye, W. Peti, and T. K. Wood YdgG (TqsA) Controls Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K-12 through Autoinducer 2 Transport J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2006; 188(2): 587 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Merighi, A. Carroll-Portillo, A. N. Septer, A. Bhatiya, and J. S. Gunn Role of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Two-Component System PreA/PreB in Modulating PmrA-Regulated Gene Transcription J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2006; 188(1): 141 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. S. Andersen, M. A. Rosenblad, N. Larsen, J. C. Westergaard, J. Burks, I. K. Wower, J. Wower, J. Gorodkin, T. Samuelsson, and C. Zwieb The tmRDB and SRPDB resources Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(suppl_1): D163 - D168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Wheeler, T. Barrett, D. A. Benson, S. H. Bryant, K. Canese, V. Chetvernin, D. M. Church, M. DiCuccio, R. Edgar, S. Federhen, et al. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(suppl_1): D173 - D180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Gleason, W. C. Lindsey, T. L. Kroft, A. W. Singson, and S. W. L'Hernault spe-10 Encodes a DHHC-CRD Zinc-Finger Membrane Protein Required for Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi Membrane Morphogenesis During Caenorhabditis elegans Spermatogenesis Genetics, January 1, 2006; 172(1): 145 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A. Klobutcher Sequencing of Random Euplotes crassus Macronuclear Genes Supports a High Frequency of +1 Translational Frameshifting Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2005; 4(12): 2098 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. N. van de Lagemaat, L. Gagnier, P. Medstrand, and D. L. Mager Genomic deletions and precise removal of transposable elements mediated by short identical DNA segments in primates Genome Res., September 1, 2005; 15(9): 1243 - 1249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Negre, S. Casillas, M. Suzanne, E. Sanchez-Herrero, M. Akam, M. Nefedov, A. Barbadilla, P. de Jong, and A. Ruiz Conservation of regulatory sequences and gene expression patterns in the disintegrating Drosophila Hox gene complex Genome Res., May 1, 2005; 15(5): 692 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. K. Shah, P. Aloy, P. Bork, and R. B. Russell Structural similarity to bridge sequence space: Finding new families on the bridges Protein Sci., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1305 - 1314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Coeytaux and A. Poupon Prediction of unfolded segments in a protein sequence based on amino acid composition Bioinformatics, May 1, 2005; 21(9): 1891 - 1900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Wheeler, T. Barrett, D. A. Benson, S. H. Bryant, K. Canese, D. M. Church, M. DiCuccio, R. Edgar, S. Federhen, W. Helmberg, et al. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2005; 33(suppl_1): D39 - D45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||


















