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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(19):6151-6163; doi:10.1093/nar/gki930
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Published online 11 November 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oxfordjournals.org

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In vitro selection, characterization, and application of deoxyribozymes that cleave RNA

Scott K. Silverman*

Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 217 244 4489; Fax: +1 217 244 8024; Email: scott{at}scs.uiuc.edu

Received September 20, 2005. Revised October 10, 2005. Accepted October 10, 2005.

Over the last decade, many catalytically active DNA molecules (deoxyribozymes; DNA enzymes) have been identified by in vitro selection from random-sequence DNA pools. This article focuses on deoxyribozymes that cleave RNA substrates. The first DNA enzyme was reported in 1994 and cleaves an RNA linkage. Since that time, many other RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes have been identified. Most but not all of these deoxyribozymes require a divalent metal ion cofactor such as Mg2+ to catalyze attack by a specific RNA 2'-hydroxyl group on the adjacent phosphodiester linkage, forming a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a 5'-hydroxyl group. Several deoxyribozymes that cleave RNA have utility for in vitro RNA biochemistry. Some DNA enzymes have been applied in vivo to degrade mRNAs, and others have been engineered into sensors. The practical impact of RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes should continue to increase as additional applications are developed.


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