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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(21):6756-6768; doi:10.1093/nar/gki976
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Published online 28 November 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oxfordjournals.org

Article

An autoregulatory loop controlling orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 gene expression by orphan nuclear receptor ERR{gamma}

Yun-Yong Park, Seung-Won Ahn, Hye-Jin Kim1, Jin-Man Kim2, In-Kyu Lee1, Heonjoong Kang3 and Hueng-Sik Choi*

Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea 1Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Taegu, Republic of Korea 2Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea 3Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University Seoul, Republic of Korea

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 62 530 0503; Fax: +82 62 530 0500; Email: hsc{at}chonnam.ac.kr

Received August 30, 2005. Revised November 7, 2005. Accepted November 7, 2005.

The estrogen receptor-related receptor gamma (ERR{gamma}/ERR3/NR3B3) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that activates transcription in the absence of ligand. However, the detailed mechanism of gene regulation by ERR{gamma} is not fully understood. In this study we have found that the orphan nuclear receptor ERR{gamma} activates the DAX-1 promoter, which, in turn, represses transactivation by ERR{gamma}. Serial deletions of mouse DAX-1 (mDAX-1) gene promoter have revealed that the region responding to ERR{gamma} is located between –129 and –121 bp and –334 and –326 bp. Gel shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that ERR{gamma} binds directly to the mDAX-1 promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis results demonstrated that ERRE1 (–129 to –121 bp) is more important than ERRE2 (–334 to –326 bp) which is not conserved in the human DAX-1 promoter. In addition, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERR{gamma} induced DAX-1 gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that co-expressed ERR{gamma} and DAX-1. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pull down assays demonstrated that DAX-1 physically interacted with ERR{gamma} and inhibited ERR{gamma} transactivation, and that this interaction was dependent on the AF-2 domain of ERR{gamma}. In addition, in vitro competition assays showed that DAX-1 inhibited PGC-1{alpha} mediated ERR{gamma} transactivation, via competition between these two factors for the AF-2 binding domain. We thus propose a novel autoregulatory loop that controls DAX-1 gene expression by ERR{gamma}.


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