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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(6):1790-1803; doi:10.1093/nar/gki319
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Published online 23 March 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Article

Polyamines preferentially interact with bent adenine tracts in double-stranded DNA

Søren Lindemose, Peter E. Nielsen and Niels Erik Møllegaard*

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3C, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +45 35 327 778/62; Fax: +45 39 356 042; Email: NEM{at}IMBG.KU.DK

Received February 2, 2005. Revised March 3, 2005. Accepted March 3, 2005.

Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine, have indirectly been linked with the regulation of gene expression, and their concentrations are typically increased in cancer cells. Although effects on transcription factor binding to cognate DNA targets have been demonstrated, the mechanisms of the biological action of polyamines is poorly understood. Employing uranyl photo-probing we now demonstrate that polyamines at submillimolar concentrations bind preferentially to bent adenine tracts in double-stranded DNA. These results provide the first clear evidence for the sequence-specific binding of polyamines to DNA, and thereby suggest a mechanism by which the cellular effects of polyamines in terms of differential gene transcriptional activity could, at least partly, be a direct consequence of sequence-specific interactions of polyamines with promoters at the DNA sequence level.

Correspondence may also be addressed to Peter E. Nielsen. Tel: +45 35 327 762; Fax: +45 39 356 042; Email: PEN{at}IMBG.KU.DK


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