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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(6):1825-1833; doi:10.1093/nar/gki329
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Published online 30 March 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Article

Torsional restraint: a new twist on frameshifting pseudoknots

Ewan P. Plant and Jonathan D. Dinman*

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Microbiology Building Room 2135 University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 301 405 0981; Fax: +1 301 314 9489; Email: dinman{at}umd.edu

Received January 31, 2005. Revised March 9, 2005. Accepted March 9, 2005.

mRNA pseudoknots have a stimulatory function in programmed –1 ribosomal frameshifting (–1 PRF). Though we previously presented a model for how mRNA pseudoknots might activate the mechanism for –1 PRF, it did not address the question of the role that they may play in positioning the mRNA relative to the ribosome in this process [E. P. Plant, K. L. M. Jacobs, J. W. Harger, A. Meskauskas, J. L. Jacobs, J. L. Baxter, A. N. Petrov and J. D. Dinman (2003) RNA, 9, 168–174]. A separate ‘torsional restraint’ model suggests that mRNA pseudoknots act to increase the fraction of ribosomes directed to pause with the upstream heptameric slippery site positioned at the ribosome's A- and P-decoding sites [J. D. Dinman (1995) Yeast, 11, 1115–1127]. Here, experiments using a series of ‘pseudo-pseudoknots’ having different degrees of rotational freedom were used to test this model. The results of this study support the mechanistic hypothesis that –1 ribosomal frameshifting is enhanced by torsional resistance of the mRNA pseudoknot.


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