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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(6):2022-2031; doi:10.1093/nar/gki345
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Published online 7 April 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Article

Vertebrate telomere repeat DNAs favor external loop propeller quadruplex structures in the presence of high concentrations of potassium

Iulian N. Rujan, J. Carlin Meleney and Philip H. Bolton*

Chemistry Department, Wesleyan University Middletown, CT 06459, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 860 685 2668; Fax: +1 860 685 2211; Email: pbolton{at}wesleyan.edu

Received January 25, 2005. Revised March 20, 2005. Accepted March 20, 2005.

The circular dichroism, CD, spectra of the telomere repeats of vertebrates, d(TTAGGG), indicate that parallel type quadruplex structures or disordered single-stranded structures are formed in low salt. Anti-parallel quadruplex structures are favored in the presence of high concentrations, 140 mM, of sodium. External loop, also known as propeller, parallel type structures are favored in the presence of high concentrations, 100 mM, of potassium in the presence of either 5 or 140 mM sodium. The cation dependence of the CD spectra of the vertebrate telomere repeat DNAs is distinctly different from that of the telomere repeats of Tetrahymena and Oxytricha as well as that of the thrombin binding aptamer. These results indicate that the external loop structures may be present in vertebrate telomeres under the conditions of high potassium and low sodium concentration found in nuclei.


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