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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(Database Issue):D433-D437; doi:10.1093/nar/gki005
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2005, Vol. 33, Database issue D433-D437
© 2005, the authors
Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 33, Database issue © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved

STRING: known and predicted protein–protein associations, integrated and transferred across organisms

Christian von Mering, Lars J. Jensen, Berend Snel1, Sean D. Hooper, Markus Krupp, Mathilde Foglierini, Nelly Jouffre, Martijn A. Huynen1 and Peer Bork*

European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany and 1 Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences p/a Centre of Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, University Medical Center St Radboud, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 6221 387 8526; Fax: +49 6221 387 517; Email: mering{at}embl-heidelberg.de

Received September 11, 2004; Accepted September 13, 2004

A full description of a protein's function requires knowledge of all partner proteins with which it specifically associates. From a functional perspective, ‘association’ can mean direct physical binding, but can also mean indirect interaction such as participation in the same metabolic pathway or cellular process. Currently, information about protein association is scattered over a wide variety of resources and model organisms. STRING aims to simplify access to this information by providing a comprehensive, yet quality-controlled collection of protein–protein associations for a large number of organisms. The associations are derived from high-throughput experimental data, from the mining of databases and literature, and from predictions based on genomic context analysis. STRING integrates and ranks these associations by benchmarking them against a common reference set, and presents evidence in a consistent and intuitive web interface. Importantly, the associations are extended beyond the organism in which they were originally described, by automatic transfer to orthologous protein pairs in other organisms, where applicable. STRING currently holds 730 000 proteins in 180 fully sequenced organisms, and is available at http://string.embl.de/.

The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use permissions, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org.


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