Nucleic Acids Research, 2005, Vol. 33, Database issue D562-D566
© 2005, the authors
Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 33, Database issue © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved
NCBI GEO: mining millions of expression profiles—database and tools
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +301 435 3449; Fax: +301 480 0109; Email: edgar{at}ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Present addresses: Alex E. Lash, Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Wataru Fujibuchi, Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
Received September 2, 2004; Accepted September 21, 2004
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is the largest fully public repository for high-throughput molecular abundance data, primarily gene expression data. The database has a flexible and open design that allows the submission, storage and retrieval of many data types. These data include microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. GEO currently holds over 30 000 submissions representing approximately half a billion individual molecular abundance measurements, for over 100 organisms. Here, we describe recent database developments that facilitate effective mining and visualization of these data. Features are provided to examine data from both experiment- and gene-centric perspectives using user-friendly Web-based interfaces accessible to those without computational or microarray-related analytical expertise. The GEO database is publicly accessible through the World Wide Web at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo.
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