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Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(13):3794-3802; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl469
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Published online 11 August 2006

Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 13 3794-3802
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article

Activation of the chicken Ig-ß locus by the collaboration of scattered regulatory regions through changes in chromatin structure

Naoko Shimada, Hiroki Matsudo, Kyoichi Osano, Hiroshi Arakawa1, Jean-Marie Buerstedde1, Yasuyuki Matsumoto, Kozue Chayahara, Atsushi Torihata and Masao Ono*

Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan 1 Institute of Molecular Radiobiology, GSF Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel/Fax: +81 3 39852387; Email: mono{at}rikkyo.ac.jp

Received April 16, 2006. Revised June 16, 2006. Accepted June 17, 2006.

A total of 10 B-lymphocyte-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites located in the chicken Ig-ß locus were divided into four regions and combinations of deletions of these regions were carried out. A decrease in transcription of the Ig-ß gene to <3% was demonstrated in cells with deletions in all four regions. The Ig-ß chromatin was resistant to DNase I digestion in these cells. Thus, the collaboration is shown to convert the Ig-ß chromatin from the condensed state to a relaxed state. H3 and H4 acetylation decreased to <8% but H3K4 hypermethylation was observed at the Ig-ß promoter and exon 3. The collaboration of four regions had virtually no effect on CG hypomethylation in the region upstream the transcriptional start site. Accordingly, neither the DNase I general sensitive state in the Ig-ß chromatin nor hyperacetylation of H3 and H4 histones in the promoter proximal region causes H3K4 di-methylation or CG hypomethylation in the promoter. From these analyses, a chromatin situation was found in which both an active state, such as enhanced H3K4 methylation, or CG hypomethylation, and an inactive state, such as DNase I resistance in the Ig-ß chromatin or hypoacetylation of H3 and H4 histones in the Ig-ß locus, coexist.


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