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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on September 14, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(17):4837-4845; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl502
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 17 4837-4845
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Molecular Biology

A novel archaeal regulatory protein, Sta1, activates transcription from viral promoters

Alexandra Kessler1,4, Guennadi Sezonov1, J. Iñaki Guijarro2, Nicole Desnoues1, Thierry Rose3, Muriel Delepierre2, Stephen D. Bell5 and David Prangishvili1,*

1 Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Institut Pasteur 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 2 Unité de RMN des Biomolécules (CNRS URA 2185), Institut Pasteur 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 3 Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 4 Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg Universitäts strasse, 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany 5 MRC Cancer Cell Unit Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 144 38 9119; Fax: +33 145 68 8834; Email: prangish{at}pasteur.fr

Received March 17, 2006. Revised June 30, 2006. Accepted July 3, 2006.

While studying gene expression of the rudivirus SIRV1 in cells of its host, the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus, a novel archaeal transcriptional regulator was isolated. The 14 kDa protein, termed Sulfolobus transcription activator 1, Sta1, is encoded on the host chromosome. Its activating effect on transcription initiation from viral promoters was demonstrated in in vitro transcription experiments using a reconstituted host system containing the RNA polymerase, TATA-binding protein (TBP) and transcription factor B (TFB). Most pronounced activation was observed at low concentrations of either of the two transcription factors, TBP or TFB. Sta1 was able to bind viral promoters independently of any component of the host pre-initiation complex. Two binding sites were revealed by footprinting, one located in the core promoter region and the second ~30 bp upstream of it. Comparative modeling, NMR and circular dichroism of Sta1 indicated that the protein contained a winged helix–turn–helix motif, most probably involved in DNA binding. This strategy of the archaeal virus to co-opt a host cell regulator to promote transcription of its genes resembles eukaryal virus–host relationships.


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