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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on September 29, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(19):e126; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl522
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 19 e126
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Robust analysis of 5'-transcript ends (5'-RATE): a novel technique for transcriptome analysis and genome annotation

Malali Gowda, Haumeng Li, Joe Alessi1, Feng Chen1, Richard Pratt2 and Guo-Liang Wang*

Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA 1 US DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek CA 94598, USA 2 Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University Wooster, OH 44691, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 614 292 9280; Fax: +1 614 292 4455; Email: wang.620{at}osu.edu

Received May 5, 2006. Revised June 21, 2006. Accepted July 7, 2006.

Complicated cloning procedures and the high cost of sequencing have inhibited the wide application of serial analysis of gene expression and massively parallel signature sequencing for genome-wide transcriptome profiling of complex genomes. Here we describe a new method called robust analysis of 5'-transcript ends (5'-RATE) for rapid and cost-effective isolation of long 5' transcript ends (~80 bp). It consists of three major steps including 5'-oligocapping of mRNA, NlaIII tag and ditag generation, and pyrosequencing of NlaIII tags. Complicated steps, such as purification and cloning of concatemers, colony picking and plasmid DNA purification, are eliminated and the conventional Sanger sequencing method is replaced with the newly developed pyrosequencing method. Sequence analysis of a maize 5'-RATE library revealed complex alternative transcription start sites and a 5' poly(A) tail in maize transcripts. Our results demonstrate that 5'-RATE is a simple, fast and cost-effective method for transcriptome analysis and genome annotation of complex genomes.


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