Published online 22 May 2006
Article |
Disparate requirements for the Walker A and B ATPase motifs of human RAD51D in homologous recombination
Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1 Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 510 486 4024; Fax: +1 510 486 6816; Email: cwiese{at}lbl.gov
Received April 18, 2006. Accepted April 26, 2006.
In vertebrates, homologous recombinational repair (HRR) requires RAD51 and five RAD51 paralogs (XRCC2, XRCC3, RAD51B, RAD51C and RAD51D) that all contain conserved Walker A and B ATPase motifs. In human RAD51D we examined the requirement for these motifs in interactions with XRCC2 and RAD51C, and for survival of cells in response to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Ectopic expression of wild-type human RAD51D or mutants having a non-functional A or B motif was used to test for complementation of a rad51d knockout hamster CHO cell line. Although A-motif mutants complement very efficiently, B-motif mutants do not. Consistent with these results, experiments using the yeast two- and three-hybrid systems show that the interactions between RAD51D and its XRCC2 and RAD51C partners also require a functional RAD51D B motif, but not motif A. Similarly, hamster Xrcc2 is unable to bind to the non-complementing human RAD51D B-motif mutants in co-immunoprecipitation assays. We conclude that a functional Walker B motif, but not A motif, is necessary for RAD51D's interactions with other paralogs and for efficient HRR. We present a model in which ATPase sites are formed in a bipartite manner between RAD51D and other RAD51 paralogs.
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