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Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(Database Issue):D354-D357; doi:10.1093/nar/gkj102
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, Database issue D354-D357
© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oxfordjournals.org

Article

From genomics to chemical genomics: new developments in KEGG

Minoru Kanehisa1,2,*, Susumu Goto1, Masahiro Hattori1, Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita1, Masumi Itoh1, Shuichi Kawashima2, Toshiaki Katayama2, Michihiro Araki2 and Mika Hirakawa1,3

1Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan 2Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 3Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development, Japan Science and Technology Agency Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8666, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 774 38 3270; Fax: +81 774 38 3269; Email: kanehisa{at}kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Received September 14, 2005. Revised October 17, 2005. Accepted October 17, 2005.

The increasing amount of genomic and molecular information is the basis for understanding higher-order biological systems, such as the cell and the organism, and their interactions with the environment, as well as for medical, industrial and other practical applications. The KEGG resource (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) provides a reference knowledge base for linking genomes to biological systems, categorized as building blocks in the genomic space (KEGG GENES) and the chemical space (KEGG LIGAND), and wiring diagrams of interaction networks and reaction networks (KEGG PATHWAY). A fourth component, KEGG BRITE, has been formally added to the KEGG suite of databases. This reflects our attempt to computerize functional interpretations as part of the pathway reconstruction process based on the hierarchically structured knowledge about the genomic, chemical and network spaces. In accordance with the new chemical genomics initiatives, the scope of KEGG LIGAND has been significantly expanded to cover both endogenous and exogenous molecules. Specifically, RPAIR contains curated chemical structure transformation patterns extracted from known enzymatic reactions, which would enable analysis of genome-environment interactions, such as the prediction of new reactions and new enzyme genes that would degrade new environmental compounds. Additionally, drug information is now stored separately and linked to new KEGG DRUG structure maps.


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