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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on October 12, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35(20):6953-6962; doi:10.1093/nar/gkm686
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 20 6953-6962
© 2007
The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

RNA

Anopheles gambiae miRNAs as actors of defence reaction against Plasmodium invasion

Flore Winter1, Sonia Edaye1, Alexander Hüttenhofer2 and Christine Brunel1,*

1Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université Louis Pasteur, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue Descarte, 67084 Strasbourg, France and 2Innsbruck Biocenter, Division of Genomics and RNomics, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 388417040; Fax: +33388602218; Email: c.brunel{at}ibmc.u-strasbg.fr

Received May 24, 2007. Revised August 21, 2007. Accepted August 21, 2007.

The path Plasmodium takes across the Anopheles midgut constitutes the major bottleneck during the malaria transmission cycle. In the present study, using a combination of shot-gun cloning and bioinformatic analysis, we have identified 18 miRNAs from Anopheles gambiae including three miRNAs unique to mosquito. Twelve of them are expressed ubiquitously across the body, independently of gender, while the other six exhibited an expression pattern restricted to the digestive system. Strikingly, the expression patterns of four miRNAs, including the three unique to mosquito, are affected by the presence of Plasmodium. We also show that knocking down Dicer1 and Ago1 mRNAs led to an increased sensitivity to Plasmodium infection. Altogether, these data support an involvement of miRNAs as new layers in the regulation of Anopheles defence reaction.


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