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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35(7):2428-2439; doi:10.1093/nar/gkm175
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 7 2428-2439
© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Molecular Biology

Regulation of histone H3K4 tri-methylation and PAF complex recruitment by the Ccr4-Not complex

Klaas W. Mulder1, Arjan B. Brenkman2, Akiko Inagaki1, Niels J. F. van den Broek2 and H. Th. Marc Timmers1,*

1Department of Physiological Chemistry and 2Department of Physiological Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Unit, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +31-30-2538981; Fax: +31-30-2539035; Email: h.t.m.timmers{at}med.uu.nl

Received February 6, 2007. Revised March 8, 2007. Accepted March 8, 2007.

Efficient transcription is linked to modification of chromatin. For instance, tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) strongly correlates with transcriptional activity and is regulated by the Bur1/2 kinase complex. We found that the evolutionarily conserved Ccr4-Not complex is involved in establishing H3K4 tri-methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed synthetic lethal interactions of Ccr4-Not components with BUR1 and BUR2. Further analysis indicated that the genes encoding the Not-proteins are essential for efficient regulation of H3K4me3, but not H3K4me1/2, H3K36me2 or H3K79me2/3 levels. Moreover, regulation of H3K4me3 levels by NOT4 is independent of defects in RNA polymerase II loading. We found NOT4 to be important for ubiquitylation of histone H2B via recruitment of the PAF complex, but not for recruitment or activation of the Bur1/2 complex. These results suggest a mechanism in which the Ccr4-Not complex functions parallel to or downstream of the Bur1/2 kinase to facilitate H3K4me3 via PAF complex recruitment.


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