Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on April 16, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research 2009 37(11):3699-3713; doi:10.1093/nar/gkp233
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2009, Vol. 37, No. 11 3699-3713
© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gene Regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics |
Histone deacetylase Rpd3 antagonizes Sir2-dependent silent chromatin propagation
1The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China and 2School of Science, Buena Vista University, 610 West 4th St., Storm Lake, IA 50588, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +86 21 54 92 10 76; Fax: +86 21 54 92 10 75; Email: jqzhou{at}sibs.ac.cn
Received November 17, 2008. Revised March 23, 2009. Accepted March 28, 2009.
In the eukaryotic genome, transcriptionally silent chromatin tends to propagate along a chromosome and encroach upon adjacent active chromatin. The silencing machinery can be stopped by chromatin boundary elements. We performed a screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for proteins that may contribute to the establishment of a chromatin boundary. We found that disruption of histone deacetylase Rpd3p results in defective boundary activity, leading to a Sir-dependent local propagation of transcriptional repression. In rpd3
cells, the amount of Sir2p that was normally found in the nucleolus decreased and the amount of Sir2p found at telomeres and at HM and its adjacent loci increased, leading to an extension of silent chromatin in those areas. In addition, Rpd3p interacted directly with chromatin at boundary regions to deacetylate histone H4 at lysine 5 and at lysine 12. Either the mutation of histone H4 at lysine 5 or a decrease in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of Esa1p abrogated the silencing phenotype associated with rpd3 mutation, suggesting a novel role for the H4 amino terminus in Rpd3p-mediated heterochromatin boundary regulation. Together, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms for the anti-silencing functions of Rpd3p during the formation of heterochromatin boundaries.
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