Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on February 3, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research 2009 37(6):1713-1725; doi:10.1093/nar/gkp026
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2009, Vol. 37, No. 6 1713-1725
© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Circular dichroism and conformational polymorphism of DNA
iuk
ková*Institute of Biophysics, v. v. i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +420 541 517 198 or +420 541 517 188; Fax: +420 541 240 497; Email: mifi{at}ibp.cz Correspondence may also be addressed to Jaroslav Kypr. Tel: +420 541 517 198; Fax: +420 541 240 497; Email: kypr{at}ibp.cz
Received September 30, 2008. Revised January 8, 2009. Accepted January 11, 2009.
Here we review studies that provided important information about conformational properties of DNA using circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy. The conformational properties include the B-family of structures, A-form, Z-form, guanine quadruplexes, cytosine quadruplexes, triplexes and other less characterized structures. CD spectroscopy is extremely sensitive and relatively inexpensive. This fast and simple method can be used at low- as well as high-DNA concentrations and with short- as well as long-DNA molecules. The samples can easily be titrated with various agents to cause conformational isomerizations of DNA. The course of detected CD spectral changes makes possible to distinguish between gradual changes within a single DNA conformation and cooperative isomerizations between discrete structural states. It enables measuring kinetics of the appearance of particular conformers and determination of their thermodynamic parameters. In careful hands, CD spectroscopy is a valuable tool for mapping conformational properties of particular DNA molecules. Due to its numerous advantages, CD spectroscopy significantly participated in all basic conformational findings on DNA.
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