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Nucleic Acids Research, 1977, Vol. 4, No. 10 3537-3555
© 1977

Articles

Renaturation Kinetics and thermal stability of DNA in aqueous solutions of formamide and urea

James R. Hutton

Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee W1 53233, USA

Received July 18, 1977. This paper reports the resultos of a systematic study of the effects of formamide and urea on the thermal stability and renaturation kinetics of DNA. Increasing concentrations of urea in the range 0 to 8 molar lowers the Tm by 2.25°C per molar, and decreases the renaturation rate by approximately 8 percent per molar. Increasing concentrations of formamide in the range from 0 to 50 percent lowers the Tm by 0.60°C per percent formamide for sodium chloride concentrations ranging from 0.035M to 0.88M. At higher salt concentrations the dependence of Tm on percent formamide was found to be slightly greater. Increasing formamide concentration decreases the renaturation rate linearly by 1.1% per percent formamide such that the optimal rate in 50% formamide is 0.45 the optimal rate in an identical solution with no formamide. The effects of urea and formamide on the renaturation rates of DNA are explained by consideration of the viscosities of the solutions at the renaturation temperatures.


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