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Nucleic Acids Research, 1979, Vol. 6, No. 6 2307-2326
© 1979

Articles

The 5' terminal capping of heterogeneous nuclear RNA at different embryonic stages of the sea urchin

Martin Nemer, Saul Surrey1, Irith Ginzburg2 and Martin M. Echols

The Institute for Cancer Research Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA

Received February 5, 1979.

5' Terminal cap structures of hnRNA have been characterized and the extent of capping determined as a function of embryonic development. Sea urchin embryo hnRNA contains only the type-1 cap, m7GpppNmpNp, with the type-2 cap, which has a 2'-0-methylated subpenultimate nucleotide, being associated only with stable small nuclear RNAs. These cap 2-containing RNAs are synthesized at a rate of approximately 70 molecules min–1 nucleus–1 compared to approximately 1000 molecules for hnRNA cap 1. Approximately 70% of nuclear cap 1 is associated with > 15S RNA in denaturing solvent, but under non-denaturing conditions the percentage is much higher. Cap 1 in low and high molecular weight nuclear RNA have the same kinetics of methyl labeling. Thus all cap 1 structures may belong to a single class either covalent or H-bonded to high molecular weight RNA. hnRNA > 15S is 35% capped; however, adding caps in < 15S RNA gives an estimate of 50% capping for total hnRNA. In development from early blastula to late gastrula, there is little if any change in the extent of capping of hnRNA. These results coupled with others indicate that the fraction of hnRNA molecules serving as precursor to mRNA does not change quantitatively during embryonic development.

1Present Address: Hematology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

2Present Address: Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot, Israel.


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