Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on April 5, 2008
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn152
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Molecular Biology |
Dissection of the regulatory mechanism of a heat-shock responsive promoter in Haloarchaea: a new paradigm for general transcription factor directed archaeal gene regulation
1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China and 3University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 6480 7472; Fax: +86 10 6480 7472; Email: xiangh{at}sun.im.ac.cn
Received December 6, 2007. Revised March 18, 2008. Accepted March 18, 2008.
Multiple general transcription factors (GTFs), TBP and TFB, are present in many haloarchaea, and are deemed to accomplish global gene regulation. However, details and the role of GTF-directed transcriptional regulation in stress response are still not clear. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the regulatory mechanism of a heat-induced gene (hsp5) from Halobacterium salinarum. We demonstrated by mutation analysis that the sequences 5' and 3' to the core elements (TATA box and BRE) of the hsp5 promoter (Phsp5) did not significantly affect the basal and heat-induced gene expression, as long as the transcription initiation site was not altered. Moreover, the BRE and TATA box of Phsp5 were sufficient to render a nonheat-responsive promoter heat-inducible, in both Haloferax volcanii and Halobacterium sp. NRC-1. DNA–protein interactions revealed that two heat-inducible GTFs, TFB2 from H. volcanii and TFBb from Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, could specifically bind to Phsp5 likely in a temperature-dependent manner. Taken together, the heat-responsiveness of Phsp5 was mainly ascribed to the core promoter elements that were efficiently recognized by specific heat-induced GTFs at elevated temperature, thus providing a new paradigm for GTF-directed gene regulation in the domain of Archaea.