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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on November 12, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1009
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

RNA

HIV-1 Vif binds to APOBEC3G mRNA and inhibits its translation

Gaëlle Mercenne, Serena Bernacchi, Delphine Richer, Guillaume Bec, Simon Henriet, Jean-Christophe Paillart* and Roland Marquet*

Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 3 88 41 70 35; Fax: +33 3 88 60 22 18; Email: jc.paillart{at}ibmc-cnrs.unistra.fr

Correspondence may also be addressed to Roland Marquet. Tel: +33 3 88 41 70 54; Fax: +33 3 88 60 22 18; E-mail: r.marquet{at}ibmc-cnrs.unistra.fr

Received July 23, 2009. Revised October 13, 2009. Accepted October 19, 2009.

The HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) allows productive infection of non-permissive cells (including most natural HIV-1 targets) by counteracting the cellular cytosine deaminases APOBEC-3G (hA3G) and hA3F. The Vif-induced degradation of these restriction factors by the proteasome has been extensively studied, but little is known about the translational repression of hA3G and hA3F by Vif, which has also been proposed to participate in Vif function. Here, we studied Vif binding to hA3G mRNA and its role in translational repression. Filter binding assays and fluorescence titration curves revealed that Vif tightly binds to hA3G mRNA. Vif overall binding affinity was higher for the 3'UTR than for the 5'UTR, even though this region contained at least one high affinity Vif binding site (apparent Kd = 27 ± 6 nM). Several Vif binding sites were identified in 5' and 3'UTRs using RNase footprinting. In vitro translation evidenced that Vif inhibited hA3G translation by two mechanisms: a main time-independent process requiring the 5'UTR and an additional time-dependent, UTR-independent process. Results using a Vif protein mutated in the multimerization domain suggested that the molecular mechanism of translational control is more complicated than a simple physical blockage of scanning ribosomes.


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