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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on November 17, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1037
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Survey and Summary

A profusion of upstream open reading frame mechanisms in polyamine-responsive translational regulation

Ivaylo P. Ivanov1, John F. Atkins1,* and Antony J. Michael2

1BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA and 2Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +801 585 3434; Fax:+353 238 855 147; Email: atkins{at}genetics.utah.edu

Received September 28, 2009. Revised October 19, 2009. Accepted October 21, 2009.

In many eukaryotic mRNAs one or more short ‘upstream’ open reading frames, uORFs, precede the initiator of the main coding sequence. Upstream ORFs are functionally diverse as illustrated by their variety of features in polyamine pathway biosynthetic mRNAs. Their propensity to act as sensors for regulatory circuits and to amplify the signals likely explains their occurrence in most polyamine pathway mRNAs. The uORF-mediated polyamine responsive autoregulatory circuits found in polyamine pathway mRNAs exemplify the translationally regulated dynamic interface between components of the proteome and metabolism.


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