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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on April 28, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp237
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Genome Integrity, Repair and Replication

Cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks after low-dose {gamma}-irradiation

Aroumougame Asaithamby and David J. Chen*

Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 214 648 5597; Fax: +1 214 648 5995; Email: David.Chen{at}UTsouthwestern.edu

Received February 10, 2009. Revised March 25, 2009. Accepted March 29, 2009.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a serious threat to genome stability and cell viability. Although biological effects of low levels of radiation are not clear, the risks of low-dose radiation are of societal importance. Here, we directly monitored induction and repair of single DSBs and quantitatively analyzed the dynamics of interaction of DNA repair proteins at individual DSB sites in living cells using 53BP1 fused to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-53BP1) as a surrogate marker. The number of DSBs formed was linear with dose from 5 mGy to 1 Gy. The DSBs induced by very low radiation doses (5 mGy) were repaired with efficiency similar to repair of DSBs induced at higher doses. The YFP-53BP1 foci are dynamic structures: 53BP1 rapidly and reversibly interacted at these DSB sites. The time frame of recruitment and affinity of 53BP1 for DSB sites were indistinguishable between low and high doses, providing mechanistic evidence for the similar DSB repair after low- and high-dose radiation. These findings have important implications for estimating the risk associated with low-dose radiation exposure on human health.


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