Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on July 3, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp553
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In vitro characterization of a miR-122-sensitive double-helical switch element in the 5' region of hepatitis C virus RNA
1Laboratorio de Arqueología del RNA, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra Armilla 18100, Granada, Spain, 2CIBERehd and 3Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, 18902, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 958181647; Fax: 958181632; Email: jgomez{at}ipb.csic.es
Received November 26, 2008. Revised June 12, 2009. Accepted June 12, 2009.
It has been proposed that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) resides within a locked conformation, owing to annealing of its immediate flanking sequences. In this study, structure probing using Escherichia coli dsRNA-specific RNase III and other classical tools showed that this region switches to an open conformation triggered by the liver-specific microRNA, miR-122. This structural transition, observed in vitro, may be the mechanistic basis for the involvement of downstream IRES structural domain VI in translation, as well as providing a role of liver-specific miR-122 in HCV infection. In addition, the induced RNA switching at the 5' untranslated region could ultimately represent a new mechanism of action of micro-RNAs.