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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on November 5, 2009

Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp968
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Database Issue

HHMD: the human histone modification database

Yan Zhang1,*, Jie Lv1, Hongbo Liu1, Jiang Zhu1, Jianzhong Su1, Qiong Wu2, Yunfeng Qi1, Fang Wang1 and Xia Li1,*

1College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 and 2Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel/Fax: +86 451 86667543; Email: yanyou1225{at}yahoo.com.cn

Correspondence may also be addressed to Xia Li. Tel/Fax: +86 451 866 15922; Email: lixia{at}hrbmu.edu.cn

Received August 12, 2009. Revised October 1, 2009. Accepted October 14, 2009.

Histone modifications play important roles in chromatin remodeling, gene transcriptional regulation, stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Alterations in histone modifications may be linked to human diseases especially cancer. Histone modifications including methylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation probed by ChIP-seq, ChIP-chip and qChIP have become widely available. Mining and integration of histone modification data can be beneficial to novel biological discoveries. There has been no comprehensive data repository that is exclusive for human histone modifications. Therefore, we developed a relatively comprehensive database for human histone modifications. Human Histone Modification Database (HHMD, http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/hhmd) focuses on the storage and integration of histone modification datasets that were obtained from laboratory experiments. The latest release of HHMD incorporates 43 location-specific histone modifications in human. To facilitate data extraction, flexible search options are built in HHMD. It can be searched by histone modification, gene ID, functional categories, chromosome location and cancer name. HHMD also includes a user-friendly visualization tool named HisModView, by which genome-wide histone modification map can be shown. HisModView facilitates the acquisition and visualization of histone modifications. The database also has manually curated information of histone modification dysregulation in nine human cancers.


The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first three authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.


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