Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 11 E56-e56
© 2000 Oxford University Press
BtrI, a novel restriction endonuclease, recognises the non-palindromic sequence 5'-CACGTC(-3/-3)-3'
SibEnzyme, 9 Ak.Timakov Str., Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
Received March 16, 2000; Revised and Accepted April 13, 2000.
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ABSTRACT |
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The recognition sequence and cleavage positions of a new restriction endonuclease BtrI isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus SE-U62 have been determined. BtrI belongs to a rare type IIQ of restriction endonucleases, which recognise non-palindromic nucleotide sequences and cleave DNA symmetrically within them.
Type II restriction endonucleases (ENases) include a group of 53 prototypes that recognise non-palindromic DNA sequences (ENases with recognition sequences that are interrupted by more than one base pair are not considered). Cleavage positions have been determined for 45 of these (1). Mainly, such ENases cleave DNA outside their recognition sites and are designated type IIS (2). There are only a few so-called type IIQ restriction enzyme prototypes that cut both DNA strands symmetrically within their non-palindromic recognition sequences (3).
Here we report a new member of this rare subgroup of type II ENases.
Bacillus stearothermophilus SE-U62 was grown at 55°C using Luria medium. BtrI has been isolated from disrupted cells using phosphocellulose, DEAE–cellulose, heparin–agarose and hydroxyapatite chromatographic steps. The final enzyme preparation was free of contaminating exo- and endonuclease activities. Optimal conditions for DNA cleavage with BtrI were 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.6 at 25°C), 10 mM MgCl2 and 100 mM NaCl at 60°C. The experimental patterns of cleavage of different DNAs by BtrI correspond to those predicted for a restriction enzyme recognising 5'-CACGTC-3' (Fig. 1).
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; lane 2, phage T7; and lane 3, adenovirus type 2 DNAs. Size marker The cutting positions of BtrI have been determined from analysis of cleavage products of 32P-labelled oligodeoxyribonucleotides (Fig. 2). According to data presented in Figure 2 this enzyme splits DNA in the middle of the recognition sequence, forming blunt-ended DNA fragments. Interestingly, ligation of DNA fragments formed by BtrI leads not only to the formation of BtrI sites, but also to sites that can be recognised by PmaCI (CAC^GTG) and AatII (GACGT^C). A similar property has been described earlier for BsrBI and its isoschizomer, AccBSI (4).
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TCGAC) and SmiMI (CAYNNEarlier, we proposed the type IIQ designation (‘Q’ means ‘quasipalindromic’) for this class of ENases (5). Type IIQ restriction enzymes cleave DNA symmetrically within their recognition sequence, which differs by one base pair from a palindrome. The origin of type IIQ enzymes may be the result of duplication and evolutionary changes in the genes of ancestor restriction enzymes recognising a palindromic DNA sequence. Recently this evolutionary scheme has been considered in detail for Bpu10I, one of the type IIQ enzymes discovered earlier (6).
We suggest that the reaction mechanism of DNA cleavage by restriction endonucleases may be considered to be quite conservative. Many restriction endonucleases can be placed in definite groups depending on their mode of DNA cleavage. We can see that there are common nucleotides in all enzymes of every group located in a definite position near the cleavage site. We observe this phenomenon for enzymes that cleave DNA producing 3' dinucleotide extensions, for example (7). These data are given in Table 1 including a new entry which has been discovered recently (1).
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A similar approach may be used for enzymes recognising interrupted palindromic DNA sequences (8). So, these data show that evolution of whole groups of ENase recognition sequences may be based on general cleavage mechanisms.
Based on this consideration we supposed (3) that type IIQ enzymes arose from some palindrome-recognising enzymes due to the maintenance of heterodimeric organisation and a slight change of target-recognising domain in one subunit in the course of evolution which, however, did not affect the cleavage mechanism. The formation of heterodimeric type IIQ enzyme from homodimeric type II enzyme may occur in three steps: (i) ancestor gene duplication; (ii) loss of ability to form homodimeric structure while keeping an ability of counteraction between heterosubunits; and (iii) a slight change of the sequence recognised by one subunit.
The list of known type IIQ restriction enzymes and their possible ancestor ENases are given in Table 2. We suggest that type IIQ enzymes have evolved from isoschizomers of corresponding well-known restriction enzymes by replacement of one base pair in their recognition sequence. Thus, in the last column we indicate known recognition sequences that may be transformed to the corresponding type IIQ enzymes by replacement of one base pair. However, BsiI and BtrI have a several possible ancestors but only one of them has a cleavage pattern similar to the cleavage pattern of the type IIQ enzyme.
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So, we suggest BsiI has evolved from an XhoI isoschizomer rather than from a PmaCI isoschizomer, whereas BtrI has probably evolved from a PmaCI-like ENase.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
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We thanks Prof. Richard Roberts for helpful discussion and valuable suggestions concerning the manuscript.
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FOOTNOTES |
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* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +7 3832 335499; Fax +7 3832 336853; Email: se_info@ma.nsc.ru
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REFERENCES |
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4. Abdurashitov,M.A., Kileva,E.V., Myakisheva,T.V., Dedkov,V.S., Shevchenko,A.V. and Degtyarev,S.Kh. (1997) Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 33, 556–558.[Medline]
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7. Abdurashitov,M.A., Kileva,E.V., Shinkarenko,N.M., Shevchenko,A.V., Dedkov,V.S. and Degtyarev,S.Kh. (1996) Gene, 172, 49–51.[ISI][Medline]
8. Abdurashitov,M.A., Belichenko,O.A., Shevchenko,A.V., Dedkov,V.S. and Degtyarev,S.Kh. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 2301–2302.
9. Polisson,C. and Morgan,R.D. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 5911.
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