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Nucleic Acids Research, 1985, Vol. 13, No. 15 5485-5501
© 1985

Articles

Homologies between X and Y charomosomes detected by DNA probes: localisation and evolution

M. Koenig, J.P. Moisan, R. Heilig and J.L. Mandel

Laboraloire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique de l'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculté de Médecine 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cédex, France

Received May 21, 1985. Accepted July 16, 1985.

We have Isolated and characterized DNA probes that detect homologies between the X and Y chromosomes. Clone St25 is derived from the q13-q22 region of the X chromosome and recognizes a 98% homologous sequence on the Y chromosome. Y specific fragments were present 1n DNAs from 5 Yq– individuals and from 4 out of 7 XX males analysed. An X linked TaqI RFLP 1s detected with the St25 probe (33% heterozygosity) which should allow one to establish a linkage map including other polymorphic X-Y homologous sequences in this region and to compare It to a Y chromosome deletion map. Probe DXS31 located 1n Xp223-pter detects a 80% homologous sequence 1n the Y chromosome. The latter can be assigned to Yqll-qter outside the region which contains the Y specific satellite sequences. ACT1 and ACT2, the actin sequences present on the X and Y chromosomes respectively, have been cloned. No homology was detected between the X and Y derived fragments outside from the actin sequence. ACT2 and the Y specific sequence corresponding to DXS31 segregate together 1n a panel of Y chromosomes aberrations, and might be useful markers for the region important for spermatogenesis In Yq. Various primate species were analysed for the presence of sequences homologous to the three probes. Sequences detected by St25 and DXS31 are found only on the X chromosome in cercopithecoidae. The sequences which flank ACT2 detect in the same species autosomal fragments but no male specific fragments. It is suggested that the Y chromosome acquired genetic material from the X chromosome and from autosomes at various times during primate evolution.


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