Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 25, Issue 13 2547-2561, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
G Edwalds-Gilbert, KL Veraldi and C Milcarek
Many genes have been described and characterized which result in
alternative polyadenylation site use at the 3'-end of their mRNAs based on
the cellular environment. In this survey and summary article 95 genes are
discussed in which alternative polyadenylation is a consequence of tandem
arrays of poly(A) signals within a single 3'- untranslated region. An
additional 31 genes are described in which polyadenylation at a
promoter-proximal site competes with a splicing reaction to influence
expression of multiple mRNAs. Some have a composite internal/terminal exon
which can be differentially processed. Others contain alternative
3'-terminal exons, the first of which can be skipped in some cells. In some
cases the mRNAs formed from these three classes of genes are differentially
processed from the primary transcript during the cell cycle or in a
tissue-specific or developmentally specific pattern. Immunoglobulin heavy
chain genes have composite exons; regulated production of two different Ig
mRNAs has been shown to involve B cell stage-specific changes in trans
-acting factors involved in formation of the active polyadenylation
complex. Changes in the activity of some of these same factors occur during
viral infection and take-over of the cellular machinery, suggesting the
potential applicability of at least some aspects of the Ig model. The
differential expression of a number of genes that undergo alternative
poly(A) site choice or polyadenylation/splicing competition could be
regulated at the level of amounts and activities of either generic or
tissue-specific polyadenylation factors and/or splicing factors.
REVIEWS
Alternative poly(A) site selection in complex transcription units: means to an end?
Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry and the Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-2072, USA.
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