Nucleic Acids Research, Vol 25, Issue 24 4907-4914, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
CF Edman, DE Raymond, DJ Wu, E Tu, RG Sosnowski, WF Butler, M Nerenberg and MJ Heller
Selection and adjustment of proper physical parameters enables rapid DNA
transport, site selective concentration, and accelerated hybridization
reactions to be carried out on active microelectronic arrays. These
physical parameters include DC current, voltage, solution conductivity and
buffer species. Generally, at any given current and voltage level, the
transport or mobility of DNA is inversely proportional to electrolyte or
buffer conductivity. However, only a subset of buffer species produce both
rapid transport, site specific concentration and accelerated hybridization.
These buffers include zwitterionic and low conductivity species such as: d-
and l-histidine; 1- and 3-methylhistidines; carnosine; imidazole; pyridine;
and collidine. In contrast, buffers such as glycine, beta-alanine and
gamma- amino-butyric acid (GABA) produce rapid transport and site selective
concentration but do not facilitate hybridization. Our results suggest that
the ability of these buffers (histidine, etc.) to facilitate hybridization
appears linked to their ability to provide electric field concentration of
DNA; to buffer acidic conditions present at the anode; and in this process
acquire a net positive charge which then shields or diminishes repulsion
between the DNA strands, thus promoting hybridization.
ARTICLES
Electric field directed nucleic acid hybridization on microchips
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