Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 1 45-48
© 2000 Oxford University Press
The SWISS-PROT protein sequence database and its supplement TrEMBL in 2000
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland and 1The EMBL Outstation, The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
SWISS-PROT is a curated protein sequence database which strives to provide a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domains structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recent developments of the database include format and content enhancements, cross-references to additional databases, new documentation files and improvements to TrEMBL, a computer-annotated supplement to SWISS-PROT. TrEMBL consists of entries in SWISS-PROT-like format derived from the translation of all coding sequences (CDSs) in the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database, except the CDSs already included in SWISS-PROT. We also describe the Human Proteomics Initiative (HPI), a major project to annotate all known human sequences according to the quality standards of SWISS-PROT. SWISS-PROT is available at: http://www.expasy.ch/sprot/ and http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +41 22 702 5477; Fax: +41 22 702 5502; Email: amos.bairoch@medecine.unige.ch
![]()
CiteULike
Connotea
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
Y. Bromberg, G. Yachdav, and B. Rost SNAP predicts effect of mutations on protein function Bioinformatics, October 15, 2008; 24(20): 2397 - 2398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Corti, F. Curnis, W. Arap, and R. Pasqualini The neovasculature homing motif NGR: more than meets the eye Blood, October 1, 2008; 112(7): 2628 - 2635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Bromberg and B. Rost Comprehensive in silico mutagenesis highlights functionally important residues in proteins Bioinformatics, August 15, 2008; 24(16): i207 - i212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M. Stroppa, C. Carriazo, N. Soria, R. Pereira, and N. M. G. de Burgos Differential Tissue and Flight Developmental Expression of Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans Am J Trop Med Hyg, July 1, 2008; 79(1): 28 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. P. Walsh, C. Webber, S. Searle, S. S. Sturrock, and G. J. Barton SCANPS: a web server for iterative protein sequence database searching by dynamic programing, with display in a hierarchical SCOP browser Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2008; 36(suppl_2): W25 - W29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Li, C. Wu, H. Huang, K. Zhang, J. Gan, and S. S.-C. Li Prediction of phosphotyrosine signaling networks using a scoring matrix-assisted ligand identification approach Nucleic Acids Res., June 1, 2008; 36(10): 3263 - 3273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Miyata, J. Begun, E. R. Troemel, and F. M. Ausubel DAF-16-Dependent Suppression of Immunity During Reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics, February 1, 2008; 178(2): 903 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. L. Cantarel, I. Korf, S. M.C. Robb, G. Parra, E. Ross, B. Moore, C. Holt, A. Sanchez Alvarado, and M. Yandell MAKER: An easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes Genome Res., January 1, 2008; 18(1): 188 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Song, Z. Yuan, H. Tan, T. Huber, and K. Burrage Predicting disulfide connectivity from protein sequence using multiple sequence feature vectors and secondary structure Bioinformatics, December 1, 2007; 23(23): 3147 - 3154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Bromberg and B. Rost SNAP: predict effect of non-synonymous polymorphisms on function Nucleic Acids Res., June 28, 2007; 35(11): 3823 - 3835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Shatkay, A. Hoglund, S. Brady, T. Blum, P. Donnes, and O. Kohlbacher SherLoc: high-accuracy prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating text and protein sequence data Bioinformatics, June 1, 2007; 23(11): 1410 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Przybylski and B. Rost Consensus sequences improve PSI-BLAST through mimicking profile-profile alignments Nucleic Acids Res., April 1, 2007; 35(7): 2238 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ofran and B. Rost ISIS: interaction sites identified from sequence Bioinformatics, January 15, 2007; 23(2): e13 - e16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. H. Greene, T. E. Lewis, S. Addou, A. Cuff, T. Dallman, M. Dibley, O. Redfern, F. Pearl, R. Nambudiry, A. Reid, et al. The CATH domain structure database: new protocols and classification levels give a more comprehensive resource for exploring evolution Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D291 - D297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. W. Klee, J. A. Finlay, C. McDonald, J. R. Attewell, D. Hebrink, R. Dyer, B. Love, G. Vasmatzis, T. M. Li, J. M. Beechem, et al. Bioinformatics methods for prioritizing serum biomarker candidates. Clin. Chem., November 1, 2006; 52(11): 2162 - 2164. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Lee, D.-W. Kim, D. Na, K. H. Lee, and D. Lee PLPD: reliable protein localization prediction from imbalanced and overlapped datasets Nucleic Acids Res., October 18, 2006; 34(17): 4655 - 4666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Bhadra, S. Sandhya, K. R. Abhinandan, S. Chakrabarti, R. Sowdhamini, and N. Srinivasan Cascade PSI-BLAST web server: a remote homology search tool for relating protein domains. Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2006; 34(Web Server issue): W143 - W146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Heil, J. Ludwig, H. Lichtenberg-Frate, and T. Lengauer Computational recognition of potassium channel sequences Bioinformatics, July 1, 2006; 22(13): 1562 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. D. Town, F. Cheung, R. Maiti, J. Crabtree, B. J. Haas, J. R. Wortman, E. E. Hine, R. Althoff, T. S. Arbogast, L. J. Tallon, et al. Comparative Genomics of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana Reveal Gene Loss, Fragmentation, and Dispersal after Polyploidy PLANT CELL, June 1, 2006; 18(6): 1348 - 1359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Hoglund, P. Donnes, T. Blum, H.-W. Adolph, and O. Kohlbacher MultiLoc: prediction of protein subcellular localization using N-terminal targeting sequences, sequence motifs and amino acid composition Bioinformatics, May 15, 2006; 22(10): 1158 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. B. Kuznetsov and S. Hwang A novel sensitive method for the detection of user-defined compositional bias in biological sequences Bioinformatics, May 1, 2006; 22(9): 1055 - 1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Guinzberg, D. Cortes, A. Diaz-Cruz, H. Riveros-Rosas, R. Villalobos-Molina, and E. Pina Inosine released after hypoxia activates hepatic glucose liberation through A3 adenosine receptors Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E940 - E951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. H. Lin, L. Y. Han, H. L. Zhang, C. J. Zheng, B. Xie, and Y. Z. Chen Prediction of the functional class of lipid binding proteins from sequence-derived properties irrespective of sequence similarity J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 824 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Kittiworakarn, A. Lecoq, G. Moine, R. Thai, E. Lajeunesse, P. Drevet, C. Vidaud, A. Menez, and M. Leonetti HIV-1 Tat Raises an Adjuvant-free Humoral Immune Response Controlled by Its Core Region and Its Ability to Form Cysteine-mediated Oligomers J. Biol. Chem., February 10, 2006; 281(6): 3105 - 3115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. V. V. Deevi and A. C. R. Martin An extensible automated protein annotation tool: standardizing input and output using validated XML Bioinformatics, February 1, 2006; 22(3): 291 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Haynes and L. M. Iakoucheva Serine/arginine-rich splicing factors belong to a class of intrinsically disordered proteins Nucleic Acids Res., January 10, 2006; 34(1): 305 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. T. Llorente, B. Garcia-Barreno, M. Calero, E. Camafeita, J. A. Lopez, S. Longhi, F. Ferron, P. F. Varela, and J. A. Melero Structural analysis of the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein: characterization of an {alpha}-helical domain involved in oligomerization J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2006; 87(1): 159 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Setubal, M. Reis, J. Matsunaga, and D. A. Haake Lipoprotein computational prediction in spirochaetal genomes Microbiology, January 1, 2006; 152(1): 113 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. L. Jensen, M. P. Styczynski, I. Rigoutsos, and G. N. Stephanopoulos A generic motif discovery algorithm for sequential data Bioinformatics, January 1, 2006; 22(1): 21 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Birkland and G. Yona BIOZON: a hub of heterogeneous biological data Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(suppl_1): D235 - D242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-H. Tsai, B.-J. Chen, C.-h. Chan, H.-L. Liu, and C.-Y. Kao Improving disulfide connectivity prediction with sequential distance between oxidized cysteines Bioinformatics, December 15, 2005; 21(24): 4416 - 4419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Cai, J. Zhang, Y. Huang, and Y. Li ATID: a web-oriented database for collection of publicly available alternative translational initiation events Bioinformatics, December 1, 2005; 21(23): 4312 - 4314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Pritsker, T. T. Doniger, L. C. Kramer, S. E. Westcot, and I. R. Lemischka Diversification of stem cell molecular repertoire by alternative splicing PNAS, October 4, 2005; 102(40): 14290 - 14295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. J. Koch, C. Ruckert, D. A. Rey, A. Mix, A. Puhler, and J. Kalinowski Role of the ssu and seu Genes of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 in Utilization of Sulfonates and Sulfonate Esters as Sulfur Sources Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2005; 71(10): 6104 - 6114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kislinger, A. O. Gramolini, Y. Pan, K. Rahman, D. H. MacLennan, and A. Emili Proteome Dynamics during C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation Mol. Cell. Proteomics, July 1, 2005; 4(7): 887 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. L. Thomas, E. L. Boswell, L. A. Scaccia, V. Pletnev, and T. C. Umland Identification of Key Amino Acids Responsible for the Substantially Higher Affinities of Human Type 1 3{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Isomerase (3{beta}-HSD1) for Substrates, Coenzymes, and Inhibitors Relative to Human 3{beta}-HSD2 J. Biol. Chem., June 3, 2005; 280(22): 21321 - 21328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bhasin, A. Garg, and G. P. S. Raghava PSLpred: prediction of subcellular localization of bacterial proteins Bioinformatics, May 15, 2005; 21(10): 2522 - 2524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Noivirt, M. Eisenstein, and A. Horovitz Detection and reduction of evolutionary noise in correlated mutation analysis Protein Eng. Des. Sel., May 1, 2005; 18(5): 247 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Garg, M. Bhasin, and G. P. S. Raghava Support Vector Machine-based Method for Subcellular Localization of Human Proteins Using Amino Acid Compositions, Their Order, and Similarity Search J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14427 - 14432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Zhao, H.-L. Liu, C.-H. Tsai, H.-K. Tsai, C.-h. Chan, and C.-Y. Kao Cysteine separations profiles on protein sequences infer disulfide connectivity Bioinformatics, April 15, 2005; 21(8): 1415 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ekins, E. Kirillov, E. A. Rakhmatulin, and T. Nikolskaya A NOVEL METHOD FOR VISUALIZING NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTOR NETWORKS RELEVANT TO DRUG METABOLISM Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 474 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Pereira-Leal, B. Audit, J. M. Peregrin-Alvarez, and C. A. Ouzounis An Exponential Core in the Heart of the Yeast Protein Interaction Network Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2005; 22(3): 421 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Calzolai, D. A. Lysek, D. R. Perez, P. Guntert, and K. Wuthrich Prion protein NMR structures of chickens, turtles, and frogs PNAS, January 18, 2005; 102(3): 651 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Zaim, E. Speina, and A. M. Kierzek Identification of New Genes Regulated by the Crt1 Transcription Factor, an Effector of the DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2005; 280(1): 28 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Deshpande, K. J. Addess, W. F. Bluhm, J. C. Merino-Ott, W. Townsend-Merino, Q. Zhang, C. Knezevich, L. Xie, L. Chen, Z. Feng, et al. The RCSB Protein Data Bank: a redesigned query system and relational database based on the mmCIF schema Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2005; 33(suppl_1): D233 - D237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X.-H. Yang, Z.-H. Xu, and H.-W. Xue Arabidopsis Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 Is Involved in Inhibition of Cell Elongation PLANT CELL, January 1, 2005; 17(1): 116 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. R. V. Vijayakumar, M. G. Kirchhof, C. L. Patten, and H. E. Schellhorn RpoS-Regulated Genes of Escherichia coli Identified by Random lacZ Fusion Mutagenesis J. Bacteriol., December 15, 2004; 186(24): 8499 - 8507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Tian, A. K. Arakaki, and J. Skolnick EFICAz: a comprehensive approach for accurate genome-scale enzyme function inference Nucleic Acids Res., December 1, 2004; 32(21): 6226 - 6239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. B. Kuznetsov and S. Rackovsky Comparative computational analysis of prion proteins reveals two fragments with unusual structural properties and a pattern of increase in hydrophobicity associated with disease-promoting mutations Protein Sci., December 1, 2004; 13(12): 3230 - 3244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. O. Garbuzynskiy, M. Yu. Lobanov, and O. V. Galzitskaya To be folded or to be unfolded? Protein Sci., November 1, 2004; 13(11): 2871 - 2877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Zhang and W. J. Henzel Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites Protein Sci., October 22, 2004; 13(10): 2819 - 2824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Ruepp, A. Zollner, D. Maier, K. Albermann, J. Hani, M. Mokrejs, I. Tetko, U. Guldener, G. Mannhaupt, M. Munsterkotter, et al. The FunCat, a functional annotation scheme for systematic classification of proteins from whole genomes Nucleic Acids Res., October 14, 2004; 32(18): 5539 - 5545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Alam, A. Dress, M. Rehmsmeier, and G. Fuellen Comparative homology agreement search: An effective combination of homology-search methods PNAS, September 21, 2004; 101(38): 13814 - 13819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q. Xu, Y. Barak, R. Kenig, Y. Shoham, E. A. Bayer, and R. Lamed A Novel Acetivibrio cellulolyticus Anchoring Scaffoldin That Bears Divergent Cohesins J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2004; 186(17): 5782 - 5789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Campagne, S. Neves, C.-w. Chang, L. Skrabanek, P. T. Ram, R. Iyengar, and H. Weinstein Quantitative Information Management for the Biochemical Computation of Cellular Networks Sci. Signal., August 31, 2004; 2004(248): pl11 - pl11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. P. Zimmer, O. Paliy, B. Thomas, P. Gyaneshwar, and S. Kustu Genome Image Programs: Visualization and Interpretation of Escherichia coli Microarray Experiments Genetics, August 1, 2004; 167(4): 2111 - 2119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M.R. Coulson, N. Hall, and C. A. Ouzounis Comparative Genomics of Transcriptional Control in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Genome Res., August 1, 2004; 14(8): 1548 - 1554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Liu and B. Rost Sequence-based prediction of protein domains Nucleic Acids Res., July 7, 2004; 32(12): 3522 - 3530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
|





















