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Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 10 E47-e47
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Normalization strategies for cDNA microarrays

Johannes Schuchhardt*, Dieter Beule, Arif Malik1, Eryc Wolski1, Holger Eickhoff1, Hans Lehrach1 and Hanspeter Herzel

Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany and 1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany

Multiple Arabidopsis thaliana clones from an experimental series of cDNA microarrays are evaluated in order to identify essential sources of noise in the spotting and hybridization process. Theoretical and experimental strategies for an improved quantitative evaluation of cDNA microarrays are proposed and tested on a series of differently diluted control clones. Several sources of noise are identified from the data. Systematic and stochastic fluctuations in the spotting process are reduced by control spots and statistical techniques. The reliability of slide to slide comparison is critically assessed within the statistical framework of pattern matching and classification.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 030 2093 9106; Fax: +49 30 2099 8801; Email: jo@itb.biologie.hu-berlin.de


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