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Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 13 2512-2518
© 2000 Oxford University Press

The mitochondrial genome of the stramenopile alga Chrysodidymus synuroideus. Complete sequence, gene content and genome organization

Joby M. Chesnick, Megan Goff, James Graham1, Christopher Ocampo, B. Franz Lang2, Elias Seif2 and Gertraud Burger2,*

Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA, 1Botany Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA and 2Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada and Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

This is the first report of a complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a photosynthetic member of the stramenopiles, the chrysophyte alga Chrysodidymus synuroideus. The circular-mapping mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 34 119 bp contains 58 densely packed genes (all without introns) and five unique open reading frames (ORFs). Protein genes code for components of respiratory chain complexes, ATP synthase and the mitoribosome, as well as one product of unknown function, encoded in many other protist mtDNAs (YMF16). In addition to small and large subunit ribosomal RNAs, 23 tRNAs are mtDNA-encoded, permitting translation of all codons present in protein-coding genes except ACN (Thr) and CGN (Arg). The missing tRNAs are assumed to be imported from the cytosol. Compari­son of the C.synuroideus mtDNA with that of other stramenopiles allowed us to draw conclusions about mitochondrial genome organization, expression and evolution. First, we provide evidence that mitochondrial ORFs code for highly derived, unrecognizable versions of ribosomal or respiratory genes otherwise ‘missing’ in a particular mtDNA. Secondly, the observed constraints in mitochondrial genome rearrangements suggest operon-based, co-ordinated expression of genes functioning in common biological processes. Finally, stramenopile mtDNAs reveal an unexpectedly low variability in genome size and gene complement, testifying to substantial differences in the tempo of mtDNA evolution between major eukaryotic lineages.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 514 343 7936; Fax: +1 514 343 2210; Email: gertraud.burger@umontreal.ca Present address: Joby M. Chesnick, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA


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