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Nucleic Acids Research, 2001, Vol. 29, No. 11 e53
© 2001 Oxford University Press

FLP and Cre recombinase function in Xenopus embryos

Dagmar Werdien, Gudrun Peiler and Gerhart U. Ryffel*

Universitätsklinikum Essen, Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany

The use of the site-specific DNA recombinases FLP and Cre is well-established in a broad range of organisms. Here we investigate the applicability of both recombinases to the Xenopus system where they have not been analyzed yet. We show that injection of FLP mRNA triggers the excision of an FLP recombination target (FRT)-flanked green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequence in a coinjected reporter construct inducing the expression of a downstream ß-galactosidase gene (lacZ). The FLP-mediated gene activation can be controlled in Xenopus embryos by injecting a mRNA encoding a fusion of FLP to the mutant ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor whose activity is dependent on 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We also demonstrate that a Cre reporter injected into fertilized eggs is fully recombined by Cre recombinase before zygotic gene transcription initiates. Our results indicate that in Xenopus embryos Cre is more effective than FLP in recombining a given quantity of reporter molecules. Finally, we present FLP-inducible double reporter systems encoding two fluorescence proteins (EYFP, ECFP, DsRed or GFP). These novel gene expression systems enable the continuous analysis of two reporter activities within living embryos and are expected to allow cell-lineage studies based on recombinase-mediated DNA rearrangement in transgenic Xenopus lines.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 201 723 3110; Fax: +49 201 723 5905; Email: gerhart.ryffel{at}uni-essen.de


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