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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 11 2444-2452
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Phenotypic and genotypic variation in methylases involved in type II restriction-modification systems in Helicobacter pylori

Tohru Takata1,3,*, Rahul Aras1,2, Donald Tavakoli1, Takafumi Ando1, Asalia Z. Olivares1 and Martin J. Blaser1,2

1Department of Medicine and 2Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA and 3First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

To determine relationships between Helicobacter pylori geographical origin and type II methylase activity, we examined 122 strains from various locations around the world for methylase expression. Most geographic regions possessed at least one strain resistant to digestion by each of 14 restriction endonucleases studied. Across all of the strains studied, the average number of active methylases was 8.2 ± 1.9 with no significant variation between the major geographic regions. Although seven pairs of isolates showed the same susceptibility patterns, their cagA/vacA status differed, and the remaining 108 strains each possessed unique patterns of susceptibility. From a single clonal group, 15 of 18 strains showed identical patterns of resistance, but diverged with respect to M.MboII activity. All of the methylases studied were present in all major human population groupings, suggesting that their horizontal acquisition pre-dated the separation of these populations. For the hpyV and hpyAIV restriction-modification systems, an in-depth analysis of genotype, indicating extensive diversity of cassette size and chromosomal locations regardless of the susceptibility phenotype, points toward substantial strain-specific selection involving these loci.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. Tel: +81 92 801 1011; Fax: +81 92 865 5656; Email: takattol{at}cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp


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