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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 17 3672-3681
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Distinct domains in the CArG-box binding factor A destabilize tetraplex forms of the fragile X expanded sequence d(CGG)n

Pnina Weisman-Shomer, Esther Cohen and Michael Fry*

Unit of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +972 4 829 5328; Fax: +972 4 851 0735; Email: mickey{at}tx.technion.ac.il
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors

Formation of hairpin or tetraplex structures of the FMR1 gene d(CGG)n sequence triggers its expansion, setting off fragile X syndrome. In searching for proteins that destabilize d(CGG)n secondary structures we purified from rat liver quadruplex telomeric DNA binding protein 42 (qTBP42) that disrupts G'2 bimolecular tetraplex d(CGG)n while paradoxically stabilizing the G'2 structure of the telomeric sequence d(TTAGGG)n. Based on peptide sequence homology of qTBP42 and mouse CArG-box binding factor A (CBF-A), we provide direct evidence that recombinant CBF-A protein is physically and immunochemically indistinguishable from qTBP42 and that it too destabilizes G'2 d(CGG)n while stabilizing G'2 d(TTAGGG)n. We inquired whether CBF-A employs the same or different domains to differentially interact with G'2 d(CGG)n and G'2 d(TTAGGG)n. Mutant CBF-A proteins that lack each or combinations of its five conserved motifs: RNP11, RNP12, RNP21, RNP22 and ATP/GTP-binding box were tested for their G'2 d(CGG)n destabilization and G'2 d(TTAGGG)n stabilization activities. We find that either RNP11 or the ATP/GTP motifs are necessary and sufficient for G'2 d(CGG)n destabilization whereas RNP21 suppresses destabilization by either one of these two motifs. Neither RNP11 nor the ATP/GTP motif are required for G'2 d(TTAGGG)n stabilization. Hence, CBF-A employs different domains to destabilize G'2 d(CGG)n or stabilize G'2 d(TTAGGG)n.


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