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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 21 4675-4681
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Multicopy genes uniquely amplified in the Y chromosome-specific repeats of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Kimitsune Ishizaki, Yuu Shimizu-Ueda, Sachiko Okada, Masayuki Yamamoto, Masaki Fujisawa, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Hideya Fukuzawa and Kanji Ohyama*

Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 75 753 6389; Fax: +81 75 753 6127; Email: kohyama{at}lif.kyoto-u.ac.jp
+AF542555–AF542560

Sex of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is determined by the sex chromosomes Y and X, in male and female plant, respectively. Approximately half of the Y chromosome is made up of unique repeat sequences. Here, we report that part of the Y chromosome, represented by a 90-kb insert of a genomic clone pMM2D3, contains five putative genes in addition to the ORF162 gene, which is present also within the Y chromosome-specific repeat region. One of the five putative genes shows similarity to a male gamete-specific protein of lily and is expressed predominantly in male sex organs, suggesting that this gene has a male reproductive function. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis revealed that these five putative genes are amplified on the Y chromosome, but they also probably have homologs on the X chromosome and/or autosomes. These observations suggest that the Y chromosome evolved by co-amplifying protein-coding genes with unique repeat sequences.


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