Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow Print PDF (653K) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (12)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Commercial Re-use Guidelines
for Open Access NAR Content
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tan, D. P.
Right arrow Articles by Shum, L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tan, D. P.
Right arrow Articles by Shum, L.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 5 1213-1223
© 2002 Oxford University Press

YY1 activates Msx2 gene independent of bone morphogenetic protein signaling

D. P. Tan, K. Nonaka, G. H. Nuckolls, Y. H. Liu1, R. E. Maxson2, H. C. Slavkin and L. Shum*

Craniofacial Development Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, MSC 2745, Building 6, Room 324, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and 1Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology and 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Msx2 is a homeobox gene expressed in multiple embryonic tissues which functions as a key mediator of numerous developmental processes. YY1 is a bi-functional zinc finger protein that serves as a repressor or activator to a variety of promoters. The role of YY1 during embryogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we report that Msx2 is regulated by YY1 through protein–DNA interactions. During embryogenesis, the expression pattern of YY1 was observed to overlap in part with that of Msx2. Most notably, during first branchial arch and limb development, both YY1 and Msx2 were highly expressed, and their patterns were complementary. To test the hypothesis that YY1 regulates Msx2 gene expression, P19 embryonal cells were used in a number of expression and binding assays. We discovered that, in these cells, YY1 activated endogenous Msx2 gene expression as well as Msx2 promoter–luciferase fusion gene activity. These biological activities were dependent on both the DNA binding and activation domains of YY1. In addition, YY1 bound specifically to three YY1 binding sites on the proximal promoter of Msx2 that accounted for this transactivation. Mutations introduced to these sites reduced the level of YY1 transactivation. As bone morphogenetic protein type 4 (BMP4) regulates Msx2 expression in embryonic tissues and in P19 cells, we further tested whether YY1 is the mediator of this BMP4 activity. BMP4 did not induce the expression of YY1 in early mouse mandibular explants, nor in P19 cells, suggesting that YY1 is not a required mediator of the BMP4 pathway in these tissues at this developmental stage. Taken together, these findings suggest that YY1 functions as an activator for the Msx2 gene, and that this regulation, which is independent of the BMP4 pathway, may be required during early mouse craniofacial and limb morphogenesis.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 301 496 8388; Fax: +1 301 480 3313; Email: lillian.shum{at}nih.gov


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. G. Bromer, J. Wu, Y. Zhou, and H. S. Taylor
Hypermethylation of Homeobox A10 by in Utero Diethylstilbestrol Exposure: An Epigenetic Mechanism for Altered Developmental Programming
Endocrinology, July 1, 2009; 150(7): 3376 - 3382.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nucleic Acids ResHome page
E. Diamond, M. Amen, Q. Hu, H. M. Espinoza, and B. A. Amendt
Functional interactions between Dlx2 and lymphoid enhancer factor regulate Msx2
Nucleic Acids Res., November 6, 2006; 34(20): 5951 - 5965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. P. Tan, Q.-Y. Liu, N. Koshiya, H. Gu, and D. Alkon
Enhancement of long-term memory retention and short-term synaptic plasticity in cbl-b null mice
PNAS, March 28, 2006; 103(13): 5125 - 5130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
L.-W. Chen, P.-J. Chang, H.-J. Delecluse, and G. Miller
Marked Variation in Response of Consensus Binding Elements for the Rta Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus
J. Virol., August 1, 2005; 79(15): 9635 - 9650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
S. M. Brugger, A. E. Merrill, J. Torres-Vazquez, N. Wu, M.-C. Ting, J. Y.-M. Cho, S. L. Dobias, S. E. Yi, K. Lyons, J. R. Bell, et al.
A phylogenetically conserved cis-regulatory module in the Msx2 promoter is sufficient for BMP-dependent transcription in murine and Drosophila embryos
Development, October 15, 2004; 131(20): 5153 - 5165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C.-Y. Wang, Y.-J. Liang, Y.-S. Lin, H.-M. Shih, Y.-S. Jou, and W. C. Y. Yu
YY1AP, A Novel Co-activator of YY1
J. Biol. Chem., April 23, 2004; 279(17): 17750 - 17755.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.