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Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, Vol. 30, No. 7 1664-1669
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Post-transcriptional suppression of gene expression in Xenopus embryos by small interfering RNA

Yuan Zhou1, Yick-Pang Ching1, Kin Hang Kok2, Hsiang-fu Kung1 and Dong-Yan Jin1,2,*

1Institute of Molecular Biology and 2Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces gene-specific silencing in organisms from fungi to animals, a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi represents an evolutionarily conserved system to protect against aberrant expression of genes and a powerful tool for gene manipulation. Despite reports that RNAi can be induced in vertebrates, severe sequence-non-specific effects of long dsRNA have been documented in various systems. It has recently been shown in cultured mammalian cells that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of 21–23 nt can mediate RNAi but bypass the non-specific response induced by longer dsRNAs. However, the effectiveness of siRNAs has not been demonstrated in living vertebrates. In addition, the mechanism of siRNA suppression of gene expression in vertebrate cells remains to be elucidated. Here we show that synthetic 21 nt siRNAs can specifically inhibit the expression of exogenously introduced as well as endogenous genes in the embryos of Xenopus laevis. siRNAs significantly reduced the steady-state amount of both the mRNA and protein of the cognate gene target. Moreover, co-injection of siRNA with the target RNA transcript specifically suppressed the activity of the latter. Taken together, our findings establish siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional suppression of gene expression in Xenopus embryos.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3rd Floor, Li Shu Fan Building, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Tel: +852 28199245; Fax: +852 28551254; Email: dyjin{at}hkucc.hku.hk


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