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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 15 4517-4522
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Transcription increases multiple spontaneous point mutations in Salmonella enterica

Richard Ellis Hudson1,2, Ulfar Bergthorsson2 and Howard Ochman1

1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and 2 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 520 626 8355; Fax: +1 520 621 3709; Email: hochman{at}email.arizona.edu

The spontaneous rate of G·C->A·T mutations and a hotspot T·A->G·C transversion are known to increase with the frequency of transcription—increases that have been ascribed primarily to processes that affect only these specific mutations. To investigate how transcription induces other spontaneous point mutations, we tested for its effects in repair-proficient Salmonella enterica using reversion assays of chromosomally inserted alleles. Our results indicate that transcription increases rates of all tested point mutations in the induced gene: induction significantly increased the individual rates of an A·T->T·A transversion, an A·T->G·C transition and the pooled rates of the three other point mutations assayed. Although the S.enterica genome is thought to have a mutational bias towards G·C base pairs, transitions creating A·T pairs were approximately 10 times more frequent than the reverse mutation, resulting in an overall mutation pressure to lower G+C contents. Transitions occurred at roughly twice the rate of transversions, similar to results from sequence comparisons; however, several individual transversions are more frequent than the least common transition.


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