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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 18 5349-5355
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Revisiting the mouse mitochondrial DNA sequence

María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy, Rebeca Acín-Pérez, James C. Mullikin1, Jeong Soon Park2, Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos, Peiqing Hu2, Acisclo Pérez-Martos, Patricio Fernández-Silva, Yidong Bai2 and José Antonio Enríquez*

Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain, 1 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK and 2 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 976 761646; Fax: +34 976 761612; Email: enriquez{at}posta.unizar.es
Present addresses:
María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy, Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1501 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
James C. Mullikin, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, MSC8004, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
+AJ489607, AY172335 and AJ512208

The existence of reliable mtDNA reference sequences for each species is of great relevance in a variety of fields, from phylogenetic and population genetics studies to pathogenetic determination of mtDNA variants in humans or in animal models of mtDNA-linked diseases. We present compelling evidence for the existence of sequencing errors on the current mouse mtDNA reference sequence. This includes the deletion of a full codon in two genes, the substitution of one amino acid on five occasions and also the involvement of tRNA and rRNA genes. The conclusions are supported by: (i) the re-sequencing of the original cell line used by Bibb and Clayton, the LA9 cell line, (ii) the sequencing of a second L-derivative clone (L929), and (iii) the comparison with 12 other mtDNA sequences from live mice, 10 of them maternally related with the mouse from which the L cells were generated. Two of the latest sequences are reported for the first time in this study (Balb/cJ and C57BL/6J). In addition, we found that both the LA9 and L929 mtDNAs also contain private clone polymorphic variants that, at least in the case of L929, promote functional impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Conse quently, the mtDNA of the strain used for the mouse genome project (C57BL/6J) is proposed as the new standard for the mouse mtDNA sequence.


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