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Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 9 2361-2368
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Sequence and structure of the extrachromosomal palindrome encoding the ribosomal RNA genes in Dictyostelium

Richard Sucgang1, Guokai Chen1, Wen Liu2,3, Ryan Lindsay1, Jing Lu2,3, Donna Muzny2,3, Gad Shaulsky3, William Loomis4, Richard Gibbs2,3 and Adam Kuspa1,2,3

1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2 Human Genome Sequencing Center, 3 Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA and 4 Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

+AY171065–AY171067

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are encoded by multicopy families of identical genes. In Dictyostelium and other protists, the rDNA is carried on extrachromosomal palindromic elements that comprise up to 20% of the nuclear DNA. We present the sequence of the 88 kb Dictyostelium rDNA element, noting that the rRNA genes are likely to be the only transcribed regions. By interrogating a library of ordered YAC clones, we provide evidence for a chromosomal copy of the rDNA on chromosome 4. This locus may provide master copies for the stable transmission of the extrachromosomal elements. The extrachromosomal elements were also found to form chromosome-sized clusters of DNA within nuclei of nocodazole-treated cells arrested in mitosis. These clusters resemble true chromosomes and may allow the efficient segregation of the rDNA during mitosis. These rDNA clusters may also explain the cytological observations of a seventh chromosome in this organism.


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