Published online 2 January 2004
Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 1 45-53
© 2004 Oxford University Press
Interactions between the 2.4 and 4.2 regions of 
S, the stress-specific factor of Escherichia coli, and the –10 and –35 promoter elements
Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, UMR5100 CNRS–Université Toulouse III, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France and 1 Unité des Régulations Transcriptionnelles, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 5 61 33 58 72; Fax: +33 5 61 33 58 86; Email: clg{at}ibcg.biotoul.fr
Present address:
Patricia Bordes, Department of Biological Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
The 
s subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme (ES) is a key factor of gene expression upon entry into stationary phase and in stressful conditions. The selectivity of promoter recognition by ES and the housekeeping E70 is as yet not clearly understood. We used a genetic approach to investigate the interaction of S with its target promoters. Starting with down-promoter variants of a S promoter target, osmEp, altered in the –10 or –35 elements, we isolated mutant forms of S suppressing the promoter defects. The activity of these suppressors on variants of osmEp and ficp, another target of S, indicated that S is able to interact with the same key features within a promoter sequence as 70. Indeed, (i) S can recognize the –35 element of some but not all its target promoters, through interactions with its 4.2 region; and (ii) amino acids within the 2.4 region participate in the recognition of the –10 element. More specifically, residues Q152 and E155 contribute to the strong preference of S for a C in position –13 and residue R299 can interact with the –31 nucleotide in the –35 element of the target promoters.
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