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Nucleic Acids Research 2004 32(13):3792-3798; doi:10.1093/nar/gkh706
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Published online 19 July 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 32 No. 13 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Intracellular inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation by peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and locked nucleic acids (LNAs)

Christopher J. Nulf and David Corey*

Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 9041, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 214 648 5096; Fax: +1 214 648 5095; Email: david.corey{at}utsouthwestern.edu

Received May 18, 2004; Revised and Accepted June 25, 2004

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiological agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Current therapies are not effective in all patients and can result in the generation of resistant mutants, leading to a need for new therapeutic options. HCV has an RNA genome that contains a well-defined and highly conserved secondary structure within the 5'-untranslated region. This structure is known as the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and is necessary for translation and viral replication. Here, we test the hypothesis that antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligomers can bind key IRES sequences and block translation. We used lipid-mediated transfections to introduce PNAs and LNAs into cells. Our data suggest that PNAs and LNAs can invade critical sequences within the HCV IRES and inhibit translation. Seventeen base PNA or LNA oligomers targeting different regions of the HCV IRES demonstrated a sequence-specific dose–response inhibition of translation with EC50 values of 50–150 nM. Inhibition was also achieved by PNAs ranging in length from 15 to 21 bases. IRES-directed inhibition of gene expression widens the range of mechanisms for antisense inhibition by PNAs and LNAs and may provide further therapeutic lead compounds for the treatment of HCV.


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