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Published online 22 January 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 2 e20
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Impedance-based detection of DNA sequences using a silicon transducer with PNA as the probe layer

A. Macanovic, C. Marquette, C. Polychronakos1 and M. F. Lawrence*

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve W., Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada and 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Center (Montreal Children’s Hospital), 2300 Tupper Street, Montreal, QC H3H 1P3, Canada

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +514 848 2424 ext. 3374; Fax: +514 848 2868; Email: lawrence{at}vax2.concordia.ca

Electrochemical impedance measurements were used for the detection of single-strand DNA sequences using a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe layer immobilized onto Si/SiO2 chips. An epoxysilane layer is first immobilized onto the Si/SiO2 surface. The immobilization procedure consists of an epoxide/amine coupling reaction between the amino group of the PNA linker and the epoxide group of the silane. A 20-nucleotide sequence of PNA was used. Impedance measurements allow for the detection of the changes in charge distribution at the oxide/solution interface following modifications to the oxide surface. Due to these modifications, there are significant shifts in the semiconductor’s flat-band potential after immobilization and hybridization. The results obtained using this direct and rapid approach are supported by fluorescence measurements according to classical methods for the detection of nucleic acid sequences.


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