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Published online 9 February 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 3 936-948
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Guidelines for the selection of highly effective siRNA sequences for mammalian and chick RNA interference

Kumiko Ui-Tei*,1,2, Yuki Naito1, Fumitaka Takahashi1,2, Takeshi Haraguchi1, Hiroko Ohki-Hamazaki3, Aya Juni2,4, Ryu Ueda4,5 and Kaoru Saigo1

1 Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and 2 UPBSB, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, 3 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan, 4 Mitsubishi-Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minami-ooya, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan and 5 Genetic Strain Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +3 5841 3044; Fax: +3 5841 3044; E-mail:ktei{at}biochem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Correspondence may also be addressed to Kaoru Saigo. Tel: +3 5841 4407: Fax: +3 5841 4400; Email: saigo{at}biochem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp

In the present study, the relationship between short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence and RNA interference (RNAi) effect was extensively analyzed using 62 targets of four exogenous and two endogenous genes and three mammalian and Drosophila cells. We present the rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference and in accordance with which highly effective siRNAs essential for systematic mammalian functional genomics can be readily designed. These rules indicate that siRNAs which simultaneously satisfy all four of the following sequence conditions are capable of inducing highly effective gene silencing in mammalian cells: (i) A/U at the 5' end of the antisense strand; (ii) G/C at the 5' end of the sense strand; (iii) at least five A/U residues in the 5' terminal one-third of the antisense strand; and (iv) the absence of any GC stretch of more than 9 nt in length. siRNAs opposite in features with respect to the first three conditions give rise to little or no gene silencing in mammalian cells. Essentially the same rules for siRNA sequence preference were found applicable to DNA-based RNAi in mammalian cells and in ovo RNAi using chick embryos. In contrast to mammalian and chick cells, little siRNA sequence preference could be detected in Drosophila in vivo RNAi.


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