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Published online 11 May 2004

Nucleic Acids Research, 2004, Vol. 32, No. 8 2660-2674
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Pharmacological and genetic modulation of Wnt-targeted Cre-Lox-mediated gene expression in colorectal cancer cells

Michael Bordonaro*, Darina L. Lazarova and Alan C. Sartorelli

Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Section, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 203 785 4390; Fax: +1 203 785 2494; Email: michaelbordonaro{at}yahoo.com

Received January 16, 2004; Revised March 24, 2004; Accepted April 19, 2004

Wnt-targeted gene therapy has been proposed as a treatment for human colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cre-Lox system consists of methodology for enhancing targeted expression from tissue-specific or cancer-specific promoters. We analyzed the efficiency of Wnt-specific promoters as drivers of the Cre-mediated activity of a luciferase reporter gene or cell death effector gene in CRC cell lines in the presence and absence of two modulators of Wnt activity, sodium butyrate and lithium chloride. Butyrate is present in the colonic lumen after digestion of fiber-rich foods, whereas the colonic lumen is readily accessible to lithium chloride. In both SW620 and HCT-116 CRC cells, a physiologically relevant concentration of butyrate upregulated reporter and effector activity and altered the Wnt-specific expression pattern. Lithium chloride markedly enhanced Cre-Lox-mediated Wnt-specific reporter expression only in APC wild-type CRC cells. Possibilities for genetic modulation of the proposed CRC therapy included Wnt-specific expression of a floxed Lef1-VP16 fusion that enhanced Wnt-specific cell death and of a floxed dominant-negative Tcf4 that specifically downregulated endogenous Wnt activity. These findings demonstrated that the Cre-Lox system, in combination with pharmacological and genetic modulators, represents effective methodology for enhancing Wnt-targeted gene therapy.


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