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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(1):225-234; doi:10.1093/nar/gki161
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Published online 12 January 2005

© 2005, the authors Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 33 No. 1 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use permissions, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org.

Article

GM-CSF promoter chromatin remodelling and gene transcription display distinct signal and transcription factor requirements

Kate H. Brettingham-Moore, Sudha Rao1, Torsten Juelich2, M. Frances Shannon2 and Adele F. Holloway*

Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Tasmania Private Bag 58, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia 1 Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University ACT, Australia 2 Division of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University ACT, Australia

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 0 3 62262670; Fax: +61 03 62262703; Email: A.F.Holloway{at}utas.edu.au

Received December 9, 2004. Accepted December 13, 2004.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a key role in myeloid cell function and is rapidly and transiently expressed in T cells in response to immune or inflammatory stimuli. Induction of GM-CSF gene expression is accompanied by changes in chromatin structure across the proximal promoter region of the gene. We show that the promoter remodelling and subsequent gene transcription occurs with distinct signal and transcription factor requirements. Activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathway is sufficient to induce changes in chromatin structure across the promoter, but both the PKC and calcium signalling pathways are required for efficient gene transcription. Although NFAT transcription factors contribute to GM-CSF gene transcription, they are not required for promoter remodelling. However, the presence of the nuclear factor-{kappa}B transcription factor, c-Rel, in the nucleus is strongly correlated with and required for the events of chromatin remodelling.


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