Published online 14 January 2005
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Comparative study of sequence-dependent hybridization kinetics in solution and on microspheres
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at New Paltz 75 S. Manheim Blvd, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 845 257 3794; Fax: +1 845 257 3791; Email: stjohnp{at}newpaltz.edu
Received August 12, 2004. Revised October 22, 2004. Accepted December 13, 2004.
Hybridization kinetics of DNA sequences with known secondary structures and random sequences designed with similar melting temperatures were studied in solution and when one strand was bound to 5 µm silica microspheres. The rates of hybridization followed second-order kinetics and were measured spectrophotometrically in solution and fluorometrically in the solid phase. In solution, the rate constants for the model sequences varied by almost two orders of magnitude, with a decrease in the rate constant with increasing amounts of secondary structure in the target sequence. The random sequences also showed over an order of magnitude difference in the rate constant. In contrast, the hybridization experiments in the solid phase with the same model sequences showed almost no change in the rate constant. Solid phase rate constants were approximately three orders of magnitude lower compared with the solution phase constants for sequences with little or no single-stranded structure. Sequences with a known secondary structure yielded solution phase rate constants as low as 3 x 103 M–1 s–1 with solid phase rate constants for the same sequences measured at 2.5 x 102 M–1 s–1. The results from these experiments indicate that (i) solid phase hybridization occurs three orders of magnitude slower than solution phase, (ii) trends observed in structure-dependent kinetics of solution phase hybridization may not be applicable to solid phase hybridization and (iii) model probes with known secondary structure decrease reaction rates; however, even random sequences with no known internal single-stranded structure can yield a broad range of reaction rates.
Present addresses: Michael M. A. Sekar, Dynavax Technology Corporation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
Will Bloch, White Salmon, WA 98672, USA
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