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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(1):e9; doi:10.1093/nar/gni012
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Published online 13 January 2005

© 2005, the authors Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 33 No. 1 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use permissions, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org.


Methods Online

BiSearch: primer-design and search tool for PCR on bisulfite-treated genomes

Gábor E. Tusnády, István Simon, András Váradi and Tamás Arányi*

Institute of Enzymology, BRC, Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1113 Budapest, Karolina út 29, Hungary

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +36 1 279 3149; Fax: +36 1 466 5465; Email: aranyi{at}enzim.hu

Received November 22, 2004. Revised December 21, 2004. Accepted December 21, 2004.

Bisulfite genomic sequencing is the most widely used technique to analyze the 5-methylation of cytosines, the prevalent covalent DNA modification in mammals. The process is based on the selective transformation of unmethylated cytosines to uridines. Then, the investigated genomic regions are PCR amplified, subcloned and sequenced. During sequencing, the initially unmethylated cytosines are detected as thymines. The efficacy of bisulfite PCR is generally low; mispriming and non-specific amplification often occurs due to the T richness of the target sequences. In order to ameliorate the efficiency of PCR, we developed a new primer-design software called BiSearch, available on the World Wide Web. It has the unique property of analyzing the primer pairs for mispriming sites on the bisulfite-treated genome and determines potential non-specific amplification products with a new search algorithm. The options of primer-design and analysis for mispriming sites can be used sequentially or separately, both on bisulfite-treated and untreated sequences. In silico and in vitro tests of the software suggest that new PCR strategies may increase the efficiency of the amplification.


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